中國發明出來有重大意義的編譯器

⑴ 請問，編譯軟體最早是由誰發明出來的

Grave of Grace

後記

Grace Hopper是個非常amazing的人 (常被稱為Amazing Grace)，崇拜她的人相當多。雖然她的事跡很多，但是還有很多有類似事跡的人並沒有像她這樣受到眾人的崇拜。由其中一點我們可以看出來：從1947年開始 (二戰結束後第二年)，她獲得了第一個榮譽博士學位 (賓州大學)，從那以後，她先後被40多所大學授予榮譽博士學位，其中包括芝加哥大學、華盛頓大學、馬里蘭大學等知名學府。各種婦女社會團體和學術組織都曾授予Grace各種稱號和獎勵。1991年，布希總統在白宮授予她的「美國國家技術獎」 (National Medal of Technology) 是其中的最高獎項，她也是至今惟一獲此殊榮的美國女性。她的名言有很多，她自己最喜歡的，也是她最喜歡對所謂的「年輕人」說的 (在她年老時，她所謂的年輕人就是「年齡不到我的一半的人就叫做年輕人」)，這句話是：

「A ship in port is safe, but that is not what ships are built for.」

語錄

下面Grace的語錄中有幾句比較有意思的話。

• From then on, when anything went wrong with a computer, we said it had bugs in it.

• The most dangerous phrase in the language is, 「We』ve always done it this way.」

• Humans are allergic to change. They love to say, 「We』ve always done it this way.」 I try to fight that. That』s why I have a clock on my wall that runs counter-clockwise.

• Leadership is a two-way street, loyalty up and loyalty down. Respect for one』s superiors; care for one』s crew.

• One accurate measurement is worth a thousand expert opinions.

• Someday, on the corporate balance sheet, there will be an entry which reads, 「Information」; For in most cases, the information is more valuable than the hardware which processes it.

• We』re flooding people with information. We need to feed it through a processor. A human must turn information into intelligence or knowledge. We』ve tended to forget that no computer will ever ask a new question.

• To me programming is more than an important practical art. It is also a gigantic undertaking in the foundations of knowledge.

• They told me computers could only do arithmetic.

• In pioneer days they used oxen for heavy pulling, and when one ox couldn』t budge a log, they didn』t try to grow a larger ox. We shouldn』t be trying for bigger computers, but for more systems of computers.

• Life was simple before World War II. After that, we had systems.

• We went overboard on management and forgot about leadership. It might help if we ran the MBAs out of Washington.

• At any given moment, there is always a line representing what your boss will believe. If you step over it, you will not get your budget. Go as close to that line as you can.

• I seem to do a lot of retiring.

• I handed my passport to the immigration officer, and he looked at it and looked at me and said, 「What are you?」

參考

維基網路：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper

國立中央大學數學系：
http://li.math.ncu.e.tw/bcc16/pool/3.06.shtml

耶魯大學計算機系：
http://cs-www.cs.yale.e/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html

計算機先驅：
http://202.207.0.245:9001/jisuanjifazhanshi/xianqu/18.htm

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