A. 求助:魯迅的小說《孔乙己》的英文翻譯,必須是外國人翻譯的!懸賞100分!
Lu pattern of the town hotel, and it is different elsewhere: are the streets of a large L-shaped counter, which prepared the hot water container, you can always warm wine. People who work, Bangwu evening scattered workers often spend four paper coins, buy a bowl of wine ,------ This is twenty years ago, but now the text of each bowl to rise to ten ,---- - stood by outside the cabinet, hot drink, rest; if willing to spend a text, they can buy a plate of salt and cook bamboo shoots, or beans flavored with aniseed, things to do with wine, and if the text out to a dozen, it will be able to buy the same meat dish, but these customers, mostly jacket to help, probably not so generous. Only wear gown, the only Duojin store next door to the house, order wine and dishes, and slowly sat drinking. Since I was twelve years old, will be in town the mouth of the Xianheng hotel waiter, shopkeeper said, I look silly, not gown serve patrons afraid to strike out to do something. Patrons outside of the jacket, though easy to speak, but whining is also unclear Twining a lot. They often watched from the jars, scoop out the rice wine, watched pot of water is not sub-hysterical, and pro-children to see the pot in hot water, then rest assured: In this severe under the supervision of sheep crowding (chàn) water is also difficult. So after a few days, shopkeeper said I can not do this. Fortunately, the sensibilities recommended first large, not dismissed, then changed to specifically to deal with a boring job warm the wine. Since then, the day I stood behind the counter, specifically to deal with my post. Although there is no dereliction of ty, but the overall feel a little monotonous, and some boring. Treasurer is a fierce face, patrons can also complain to no good, lively teaching people not; only Kung to the shop, we can laugh few times, so still remember. Kung is standing drinking and the only person wearing long sleeves. He was a very large; plainer face, the wrinkles between the folder from time to time some scars; a tangled gray beard. Although wearing a long gown, but the dirty and broken, do not seem to make more than a decade, no wash. He was talking to people, always speak a lot about ecation in classical, as people do not understand half understand. Hole because of his name, others did give Miao Hong paper "on the alt ji" know anything about this, then in half, remove a nickname for him, called Kung. Kung one to shop, they are all people who drink at him laughing, and some cried, "Kung, have added a new scar on your face!" He does not answer to the cabinet said, "warm bowls wine, to a dish of beans flavored with aniseed. "will discharge nine coppers. They also loudly on purpose, "You must then stole other people's stuff!" Kung said, eyes wide open, "how do you clean this out of thin air pollution ... people ..." "What innocence? My eyes see you steal the day before yesterday Ho's book, hanging to play. "ji would flush, the amount of blue veins on the roads ek, argued," can not be considered stealing Stealing Books ... ... Stealing Books! ... ... reading of people, could be considered stealing you? "a series that is difficult to understand, nothing" solid poor gentleman, "what" are an absolute necessity "and the like, people are attracted laughter together: shop outside the air is full of joy. Listen to people talk about privately, Kung had also read the book, but finally did not enter science, and would not make a living; so more than poorer, will be begging to get out. Fortunately, a good character is written, it will for others copied plagiarism, a bowl of rice. Unfortunately, his bad temper, like there is delicious lazy. Take a few days, even the people and books, paper, brush, together missing. The case several times, called him Transcription in person as well. Kung is not law, they inevitably do occasionally steal things. But he was in our shop, conct better than everyone else, is never in arrears; Although no cash from time to time, temporarily recorded in the powder board, but not in January, will certainly pay off, wiped from Kung powder board name. Kung drink half a bowl of wine, red in the face graally restored, others right again asked, "Kung, do you really know how to read it?" Kung asked looking at him, showing an air of disdain Zhibian. Then they said, "You are fishing for one reason or another can not even do half the scholar?" Kung immediately show deserting our ideas uneasy look on his face cage with a layer of gray, mouth and say something; this time, but all ecation in classical and the like, some do not understand. At this time, everyone also laughter together: shop outside the air is full of joy. At these times, I can go along with the laugh, dispensers are not to blame. And treasurer met with Kung, but also often ask him laugh. Kung they know they can not talk, they had to talk to the child. Once said to me, "Have you read the book it?" I slight nod. He said, "read the book, ... ... I will test you for a test. Beans flavored with aniseed of fennel words, how to write it?" I think, begging the same people, but also with test me? Turn your face to be no longer ignored. Kung and other for a long time, very sincerely said, "can not stop writing? ... ... I teach you, remember! These words should be remembered. Dispensers do in the future, when to use written statement." I thought to myself I and dispensers level still far it, and we never will be beans flavored with aniseed on the dispensers account; and funny, but also impatient, idle channel he replied, "Who needs you to teach, not a grass beneath a round trip back to the word it? "Kung very happy to show the way, the long fingernails of two fingers tapped the counter, nodded and said," Yeah right! ... ... back to the written word has four kind of, you know? "I am more impatient, efforts of his mouth far. Kung nail dipped in the wine just wanted to write in the cabinet, see I have no enthusiasm, they tan breath, showing a very sorry appearance. "Talking more? Nothing more, nothing."
There several times, neighbors heard a child laugh, fun to drive, surrounded Kung. He would give them a one. Children eating beans, still lingers, the eyes are looking at the plate. Kung was a panic, the plate covering the outstretched fingers, bending down, said, "Not much, I was running out." Straightened up and look at the beans, his shaking his head said, "much much! More Talking? small also. "So the kids got separated in laughter. Kung people so happy, but without him, so others will too. One day, about two or three days before the Mid-Autumn Festival, dispensers is slowly closing, remove the powder board, suddenly said, "Kung did not come out a long time. Still owes nineteen coppers!" I also think he did long time no come. A drinking man said, "how could he come? ... ... He discounted the legs." Shopkeeper said, "Oh!" "He always is still stealing. This time, their own giddy, actually steal the small lifts home go. his house, stealing the get it? "" Then how? "" how? the first to write service debate, and later playing, playing most of the night, and then discount the leg. "" And then? "" Then discount the legs. "" How about a discount? "" How? ... ... who knows? Xu is dead. "shopkeeper does not ask, still slowly his accounts.
Autumn after autumn is colder every day, to see almost winter; I rely on the fire all day, but also to wear a jacket. The next day, half day, not a customer, I was sitting together his eyes. Suddenly heard a voice, "Warm a bowl of wine." This voice was very low, very familiar. See all Shiyou no. Stood up I looked outside, then the counter Kung would sit under the threshold. His face black and thin, has been horrendous; wearing a broken Jiaao, plates with legs underneath a Calceolaria, with rope tangled in the shoulder; he saw me, and said, "Warm a bowl of wine. "dispensers also head out to one side said," Kung? You still owe nineteen coppers! "Kung is deserting our ideas on his back and asked," stop this ... ... next time to pay off. This time is cash, better than wine. "dispensers are still the same as usual, smiled and said to him," Kung, you have Touliaodongxi it! "but he is arguing this time not alone say" Do not make fun! "" fun? If do not steal, how broken legs? "Kung whispered," broke, down, down ... ... "He glances, much like the treasurer pleaded, do not mention. At this point several people had gathered, they laughed, and dispensers. I warm the wine, side out, on the threshold. He took out from the rag bag four coppers, in my hand, see his hands were full of mud, had he come in with this hand. Soon, he drank wine, right again to say that laughter in others, sit and slowly walked out with this hand. Since then, they did not see long-ji. To the year, remove the powder board treasurer, said, "Kung still owes nineteen coppers!" To the second year of the Dragon Boat Festival, said, "Kung still owes nineteen coppers!" To the Mid-Autumn Festival, but did not say, and then the Year did not see him. I do not see now finally - about Kung indeed dead. Written in March 1919
B. 我父親患了糖尿病,請為我父親提出合理的飲食標准和生活習慣要求,謝謝
首先要先學會養生:
一、不暴飲暴食,生活有規律,吃飯要細嚼慢咽,多吃蔬菜,盡可能不在短時間內吃含葡萄糖、蔗糖量大的食品,這樣可以防止血糖在短時間內快速上升,對保護胰腺功能有幫助,特別是有糖尿病家族史的朋友一定要記住!
二、生活有規律,防止感染疾病;不要吃過量的抗生素。有些病毒感染和過量抗生素會誘發糖尿病!
三、糖耐量不正常或有糖尿病家族史的朋友可以在最大限度內防止糖尿病的發生:每年吃三個月的煙醯胺、Vb1、Vb6、甲基Vb12(彌可保)增強胰腺功能;在季節更替時吃半個月的Vc、Ve,劑量要大,可以提高自身免疫力、清除自由基。(也可以每年分兩段時間肌注Vb12,每次兩周,一天一支,這很經濟!)
四、多加鍛煉身體,少熬夜。
五、在飲食上注意不要吃高糖的食品;香蕉、紅棗、糖、蜜餞、水果罐頭、汽水、果汁、果醬、冰淇淋、甜餅干、甜麵包等
不要吃高膽固醇的食品:動物的腦、肝、心、肺、腰、蛋黃、肥肉、黃油、豬牛羊油等
不宜飲酒,酒精能使血糖發生波動,空腹大量飲酒時,可發生嚴重的低血糖,而且醉酒往往能掩蓋低血糖的表現,不易發現,非常危險。
可長期服用蜂膠,因為蜂膠不含糖,只是有點腥澀味。
我婆婆也有糖尿病的,現在用胰島素,和正常人沒什麼區別,所以不要過於擔心。
糖尿病飲食原則
吃菜吃帶葉、莖類蔬菜,少吃根、塊莖的菜;
不吃油炸食物或過油的食物;
不要勾芡,澱粉高;
不要吃含澱粉高的食物,如吃要交換主食;
血糖控制好的在兩餐中間吃水果,但不要喝果汁;
喝湯去掉上面的油;
吃肉絲比吃肉片、肉排、紅燒肉好;
吃帶刺魚比吃魚塊好,因為可以減緩進餐速度,增加飽腹感;
吃帶骨頭肉比吃墩肉好,既滿足食慾要求,吃進的肉量又不大;
吃雞肉去掉雞皮及肥肉。
注意事項
①細嚼慢咽:喝湯不要端起碗喝,既不文明又不雅觀,用小勺一勺一勺喝。吃飯一口一口吃,不要狼吞虎咽;
②在餐桌上吃,不要端碗盛上菜到處走;
③專心專意地吃,不要邊吃邊幹活;
④精神集中的吃,不要邊看電視邊吃;
⑤飯要一次盛好,不要一點一點盛飯;
⑥吃完碗中飯立即放下筷子,離開餐桌,不要養成吃完了還不願下桌習慣;
⑦不打掃剩菜飯;
⑧立即刷牙。
食譜:
一、早餐
1、主食:高纖維饅頭或餅等高纖維主食
2、副食:
①煮雞蛋或荷包蛋一個。
②淡豆漿、牛奶或小米粥可任選一種。
酃拌蔬菜?
二、午餐
1、主食:高纖維大米飯、高纖維饅頭、高纖維面條或其它高纖維主食
2、副食:
①瘦肉、魚、雞、鴨可根據情況選擇。
②清炒蔬菜、涼拌蔬菜、豆製品等。
三、晚餐
1、主食:
①高纖維饅頭、高纖維大米飯等高纖維主食。
②喜歡喝粥者可根據個人習慣選擇小米粥、綠豆粥、紅小豆粥等。
2、副食:
①蔬菜、豆製品等。
②雞、鴨、肉、魚等可根據個人喜愛情況選擇。
四、晚上睡覺前喝純牛奶一杯,約300毫升(最好是脫脂的)。
C. 南宋寒冷期
飲食與氣象
人體必須每天攝入一定量的熱量和蛋白質等營養素 ,但不同民族各種營養素攝入量和差異較大,這可能和體格, 飲食習慣以及經濟發展有關,不可否認,氣象條件的影響也不右忽略。同一個人在不同的季節營養素的攝入量是不相同的,這明顯與氣候的季節變化相一致。夏季,人體攝入的熱量和蛋白質要比冬季少得多。據資料統計, 氣溫的人體攝入的熱量呈明顯的直線(負)相關。
氣候環境對飲食習慣有較大影響。在高溫高濕的夏季,人們食慾不振,愛吃含水分、澱粉和糖分多的食品和有香氣、刺激性強的食品。冬季人們的食慾較好,愛吃發熱量大、含脂肪和蛋白質高的食物。在陰冷、 濕潮和高寒山區,多食辣椒可防止消化液泌減少和胃腸蠕動減弱。在涼季高濕地區食辣椒還可防止風濕病和腰肌病。
氣象條件的季節變化決定了食物生產的季節變化。糧食、蔬菜和水果都有不同的生育期,對溫度、光照、水分都有不同的要求,所以不同季節就有不同的糧食、蔬菜、水果面市以滿足需要。這一特點變得不很明顯。但是,只是某季節上市的新鮮貨味道最佳,營養最多。
氣象條件的季節變化也決定了食物需求的季節變化。不同季節人的所需食物的種類差異較大,如夏季,水分含量高,澱粉和糖分多的食品較受歡迎,啤酒銷量最大,而冬季脂肪和蛋白質含量較高的食物消耗較多。
(http://www.geo.ntnu.e.tw/laboratory/climate/word/200012.pdf)飲食與氣候
在北宋的時候,飲食形成了南食和北食兩大系統,因為氣候條件的不同,小麥喜
好寒冷乾燥的氣候,水稻則需要溫暖潮濕的環境才能生長,因此北食以麥面類為主
食,南食則以稻米製品為主食.但到了南宋初年,南方小麥產量激增,南宋臨安府的
飲食店中,麵食店明顯增多,麵食製品也更加豐富.吳自牧《夢粱錄》卷十三〈天曉
諸人出市〉中記載著最熱鬧大街上的麵食店「通宵買賣,交曉不絕」,幾乎處處都有
麵店.另外種類也增加很多,湯餅不僅成為煮餅或面片湯,而且主要成為各種面條.
黃庭堅的詩中說:「湯餅一杯銀線亂」具體的說明湯餅也是一種白面條,而在臨安府
的飲食店中也有十幾種面條供應.麵食的大量增加除了資料中記載的因為北人南遷,
「西北流寓之人遍滿」,造成麵粉消費量激增之外,氣候因素也是很重要的一環.在
南宋的時候(西元十二世紀),是中國氣溫相當寒冷的時期,也正因為如此,南方才能
栽種大量的小麥,出現南方農民「競種春稼,極目不減淮北」.如果單單因為社會需
求量增加,而沒有氣候環境的配合,是不可能輕易就改種大量的小麥的,而且南方農
民競相種的是「春稼」,由此可知當時的氣候是很寒冷的,因此無法種植冬麥,必須
種植春麥.所以我們相信這項糧食作物栽種的變化,和當時的氣候環境有相當大的關
系.
在宋代的葷菜方面,北宋時北方以羊肉為主,南方則以豬肉為主,這應該也是氣
候因素使然,豬能提供的熱量較牛羊為少,所以北方人很少吃豬肉.到了南宋的時候,
雖然臨安的豬肉食品還是佔大多數,而且有肉市和豬行的形成,但羊肉在食品中也占
有了很高的比重,根據推測,就如同糧食作物的情形一般,除了北方人飲食習慣的影
響之外,南方氣候趨於寒冷應該也是原因之一.
宋代是中國史上糖果食品和甜食突飛猛進的時期.例如臨安市場上有各式各樣的
水果糖,像西川乳糖獅子,麝香糖,杏仁糖,五色糖等等,還有專供兒童食用的「戲
劇糖果」,而且品質都很好,尤其乳糖(類似今天的牛奶糖)還有止渴去煩和解酒毒的
功效.另外糖還被添加到米食和麵食中,製成各種甜食.例如米食有豆沙加糖粥,糖
粥,蜂糖糕,糖蜜巧粽,糖蜜糕等;麵食有糖肉饅頭,活糖豆沙餡春卷,薑糖饅頭,
月餅等等.而這些糖果和甜食的大量出現,可能是因為氣候冷,人體需要較多的熱量,
為了因應這種情況而產生的.
飲茶的習慣在唐代開始出現,而到宋代才普及到日常生活中.宋代的茶葉分為片
茶,散茶和臘麵茶三種.北宋為了克服蒸青片茶有苦味的缺點,發明了蒸青散茶,到
了南宋的時候又進一步改良發明了炒青散茶,飲用的時候全葉沖泡,而且宋代人在飲
用茶的時候已經普遍不加鹽,姜或香料等調味料,為的是要保持茶葉的真味.宋代人
將茶葉看成和米,鹽同樣重要的生活必需品,所以以很多鑒賞茶葉的方法,鬥茶的風
氣十分盛行,例如唐庚的《鬥茶記》提出茶不問團或胯,要之貴新;水不問江或井,
要之貴活.這些都在在顯示出茶對於宋代人民的重要.而為何茶會在宋代這麼受到重
視的原因也可能和氣候有關.茶喜歡生長在涼爽,潮濕,多雲霧的氣候條件下,而根
據竺可楨先生的研究,我們知道宋代是中國歷史上氣溫較低而且水患較多,較濕潤的
時期,而這種氣候環境剛好適合茶葉的生長,而且在寒冷的時候人們也比氣溫溫暖的
時候喜歡喝熱茶,所以茶在宋代的普及可能也有氣候的因素包含在內.
在當時的北方先後有遼,金兩個政權.因為中國北方的氣候寒冷而乾燥,植物不
容易生長,故最初契丹人的主要飲食以肉,乳為主.《遼史 營衛志》中說,「契丹之
初,草居野次,靡有定所」,「生生之資,仰給畜牧,績毛飲湩,以為衣食」.但是慢
慢隨著契丹政權南下,穀物類也成為契丹人的主食之一,又因為緯度,氣溫的不同,
所食用的穀物也有所差別,例如當時的南京析津府(今北京地區)出產黍,稷,稻等,
而渤海故地(今東北地區)則主要為粟,麥,穄(糜)等.另外契丹人以肉,乳為主食,
又因為天寒而缺少蔬菜水果,所以飲茶遂成為日常生活中的重要內容,只是茶葉並不
是當地栽種,而是從北宋進口的.
到了金代,由女真人的傳統食品中也可以看出深受氣候的影響.在遼金之際,遼
東一代的民間流行製作一種稱為「蜜糕」的點心,其中很重要的原料是松實和胡桃肉,
由此可知當地氣候寒冷,有大量的針葉林,民眾就地取材利用針葉林的果實製作食
品.另外因為北方的氣候寒冷, 很少有新鮮的蔬菜可食用,所以金人多半會腌制咸
菜和酸菜,以便長久貯存.在這個時期比較特別的是西瓜的深受歡迎,曾經出使金朝
的南宋使者范成大寫過一首題為〈西瓜園〉的詩:「碧蔓凌霜卧軟沙,年來處處食西
瓜.形模濩落淡如水,未可蒲萄苜蓿誇.」詩人在題下注:「味淡而多液,本燕北種,
今河南皆種之.」現今大家的印象中,西瓜是生產在炎熱的夏季,但在當時反而是由
較為寒冷的北方再南傳到宋地,除了當時南北文化,物種的相互交流之外,我們猜想
同時可能也因為宋代的氣候變得較為寒冷,因此原本能適應北方氣候的西瓜,慢慢的
往宋地遷移.
參考資料:http://www.ceass.com/infolist.jsp?info_id=12712&info_type=120
D. 餐飲行業的財務報表怎麼做
餐飲行業財務報表包括資產負債表、利潤表編制報表,編制報表要做到數據准確、平衡。
製作方法:做財務報表的時候,有些工作不需要看賬簿也可以做出來。
1、資產負債表中期末"未分配利潤"=損益表中"凈利潤"+資產負債表中"未分配利潤"的年初數.
2、資產負債表中期末"應交稅費"=應交增值稅(按損益表計算本期應交增值稅)+應交城建稅教育附加(按損益表計算本期應交各項稅費)+應交所得稅 (按損益表計算本期應交所得稅).這幾項還必須與現金流量表中支付的各項稅費項目相等.這其中按損益表計算各項目計算方法如下:
①本(上)應交增值稅本期金額=本(上)損益表中的"營業收入"×17%-本(上)期進貨×17%;
②本(上)期營業收入=本(上)期損益表中的"營業收入"金額
③本(上)進貨金額=本(上)期資產負債表中"存貨"期末金額+本(上)期損益表中"營業成本"金額-本(上)期資產負債表中"存貨"期初金額
④本(上)期應交城建稅教育附加=本(上)期損益表中的"營業稅金及附加"
⑤本(上)期應交所得稅=本(上)期損益表中的"所得稅"金額
⑥本(上)期應交城建稅教育附加=本(上)期應交增值稅(7或5%+3%)
⑦若是小規模納稅人則以上都不考慮,可以用以下公式:
⑧應交增值稅=損益表中"營業收入"×3%,(報表中的營業收入是不含稅價).
⑨應交城建稅教育附加=應交增值稅(損益表中"營業收入"×3%)×(7或5%+3%)
⑩應交所得稅=損益表中的"所得稅"金額
3、現金流量表中的"現金及現金等價物凈額"=資產負責表中"貨幣資金"期末金額-期初金額
4、現金流量表中"銷售商品、提供勞務收到的現金"=損益表中"主營業務收入"+"其他業務收入"+按損益表中("主營業務收入"+"其他業務收 入")計算的應交稅金(應交增值稅——銷項稅額(參照前面計算方法得來))+資產負債表中("應收賬款"期初數-"應收賬款"期末數)+("應收票據"期 初數- "應收票據"期末數)+("預收賬款"期末數-"預收賬款"期初數)-當期計提的"壞賬准備".
5、現金流量表中"購買商品、接受勞務支付的現金"=損益表中"主營業務成本"+"其他支出支出"+資產負債表中"存貨"期末價值-"存貨"期初價 值)+ 應交稅金(應交增值稅——進項稅額(參照前面計算方法得來))+("應付賬款"期初數-"應付賬款"期末數)+("應付票據"期初數-"應付票據"期末 數)+("預付賬款"期末數-"預付賬款"期初數)
6、現金流量表中"支付給職工及為職工支付的現金"=資產負債表中"應付工資"期末數-期初數+"應付福利費"期末數-期初數(現在統一在"應付職工薪酬"中核算)+本期為職工支付的工資和福利總額.(包含在銷售費用,管理費用裡面)
7、現金流量表中"支付的各項稅費(不包括耕地佔用稅及退回的增值稅所得稅)" =損益表中"所得稅"+"主營業務稅金及附加"+"應交稅金(應交增值稅-已交稅金)(本期損益表中營業收入計算的各項稅費)"
8、現金流量表中"支付的其他與經營活動有關的現金" =剔除各項因素後的費用:損益表中"管理費用+銷售費用+營業外收入-營業外支出"-資產負債表中 "累計折舊"增加額(期末數-斯初數)(也就是計入各項費用的折舊,這部分是沒有在本期支付現金的)"-費用中的工資(已在"為職工支付的現金"中反 映).
9、現金流量表中"收回或支付投資所收到或支付的現金"=資產負債表中"短期投資"初和各項長期投資科目的變動數.
10、 現金流量表中"分得股利,債券利息所收到的現金"=損益表中"投資收益"本期發生額-資產負債表中"應收股利"期末數-期初數-"應收利息"期末數-期初數.
11、現金流量表中"處置或購置固定資產、無形資產及其它資產收到或支付的現金"=資產負債表中"固定資產"+"在建工程"+"無形資產"等其他科目變動額(增加了計入收到的現金流量中,減少了計入支付的現金流量中).
財務報表就是將每個月將公司的一切財務狀況,包括收入、支出、納稅等等用表格記錄下來,並在月末和年末將每個項目均合計一下,做成一個匯總表格,方便在製作財務報表時使用。這樣就能做到帳項平衡,賬賬相符,以保證帳簿資料的真實性和准確性。
資產負債表是指反映企業在某一特定日期的財務狀況的報表。主要反映資產、負債和所有者權益三方面的內容,並滿足「資產=負債+所有者權益」平衡式。
資產負債表採用賬戶式結構,分為左右兩方,左方為資產,右方為負債和所有者權益。資產負債表各項目均需填列「年初余額」和「期末余額」兩欄。其中「年初余額」欄內各項數字,應根據上年末資產負債表的「期末余額」欄內所列數字填列。
利潤表是指反映企業在一定會計期間的經營成果的報表。我國企業的利潤表採用多步式格式,主要編制步驟和內容如下:
第一步,以營業收入為基礎,減去營業成本、營業稅金及附加、銷售費用、財務費用、資產減值損失,加上公允價值變動收益(減去公允價值變動損失)和投資收益(減去投資損失),計算出營業利潤。
第二步,以營業利潤為基礎,加上營業外收入,減去營業外支出,計算出利潤總額。
第三步,以利潤總額為基礎,減去所得稅費用,計算出凈利潤(或虧損)。
E. 求「輕松做150道空氣炸鍋創意美食「pdf版
輕松做150道空氣炸鍋創意美食的pdf版可下載: