1. 編程語言的歷史
兩個都是英文版的。
編程語言和軟體歷史年表大全
Year - Languages, Operating Systems, Major Programs, Etc.
1945 EDVAC utilizes stored program concept
1945 Plankalkul (Konrad Zuse)
1949 Short Code (for BINAC) (John Mauchly)
1950 Intermediate Programming Language (Arthur W. Burks)
1951 Klamemerausdrucke (algebraic language and compilers)
1951 Formules (complete compiler) (Heinz Rutishauser)
1951 Find (for the Whirlwind) (Jack Gilmore)
1952 Autocode compiler (Alick E. Glennie)
1952 Short Code (for UNIVAC 1) (W.F. Schmidt, A.B. Tonik, J.R. Logan)
1952 Sort-Merge Generator (for UNIVAC 1) (Betty Holberton)
1952c COMPOOL (for SAGE) (MIT)
1952 Punchy (for TX-O) (Jack Gilmore)
1953 A-2 Compiler (for UNIVAC) (Grace Hopper)
1953 Algebraic interpreter (for Whirlwind, MIT) (J.H. Laning, N. Zierler)
1953 Speedcoding (for IBM 701) (John Backus)
1954 Operating System (for IBM 701, General Motors Research Laboratory)
1954 Autocode (for Manchester Mark 1) (R.A. Booker)
1954 PiPi-2 Prgrmg Program (compiler, USSR) (E.Z. Liumbimskii, S.S. Kamynin)
1954c Autocoder assembly language (for IBM 705)
1955 PiPi Programming Program (for BESM) (USSR)
1955 BACAIC (for IBM 701) (Mandalay Grems, R.E. Porter, Boeing Airplane Co.)
1955 MATH-MATIC mathematical programming language (for UNIVAC) (C. Katz)
1955 Kompiler 2 (for IBM 701) (A. Kenton Elsworth, Livermore Laboratory)
1956 Operating Sys. (for IBM 704) (General Motors; North American Aviation)
1956 ADES (U.S. Naval Observatory) (E.K.Blum)
1956 APT machine tool control (MIT) (Douglas Ross)
1956 Logic Theorist AI program (A. Newell & H. Simon, Carnegie Institute)
1956 IT (Internal Translator) (for IBM 650) (A. Perlis & J.W. Smith)
1956 Mark I report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)
1956 FORTRAN (Formula Translation) (John Backus, IBM)
1957 Mark II Report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)
1957 IPL-V (Information Processing Language V)
1957 Fortransit programming language
1957 COMIT string processing language (Victor Yngve, MIT)
1957 Scope Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)
1957 Lincoln Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)
1958 APT (Automatically Programmed Tool)
1958 FLOW-MATIC (for UNIVAC, Remington-Rand) (Grace Hopper)
1958c SOAP assembler (for IBM 650)
1958 IR (Information Retrieval) database management system (for IBM 704)
1958 LISP (List Processing language) (John McCarthy, MIT)
1958 AIMACO data processing language
1958 IPL V list processing language
1959 DYNAMO III
1959 TUFF/TUG (for IBM 704)
1959 9PAC file handling (for IBM 709)
1959 FACT business data processing language
1959 SURGE (for IBM 704) (Fletcher Jones)
1959 SAGE operating system (for IBM AN/FSQ7) (System Development Corp.)
1959c SAP assembler (for IBM 704)
1959c ASCI-Matic (Jack Minker)
1959 COBOL (December release)
1960 Atlas operating system for Atlas Computer)
(Manchester Univ. & Ferranti)
1960 ALGOL 60 (Algorithmic Language)
1960 COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
1960 JOVIAL (Jules Own Version of Int. Algebraic Language) (Jules Schwartz)
1960 MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)
1960 NELIAC (Navy Electronics Laboratory International Algol Compiler)
1960 TRAC string processing language
1960 SCEPTRE
1960 IOCS operating system (for IBM 709/7090)
1960 FMS operating system (for IBM 709) (North American Aviation)
1961 COBOL revised and reissued
1961 SOS operating system (for IBM 709) (SHARE and IBM)
1961 GPSS (General Purpose Systems Simulator)
1961 SAC/Aids Formatted File System (for SAC 438L system) (SAC)
1961 BASE-BALL natural language system (B.V. Green)
1961 QUERY database (T. E. Cheatham, S. Warshall)
1961 RPG (Report Program Generator) (for IBM 1401)
1961 MADCAP scientific programming language
1961 ALGY formula manipulation language
1961 GECOM business data processing language
1961 QUICKTRAN on-line programming language
1961 Expensive Typewriter (IBM 360) (Stephen Piner)
1961 COBOL 61 Extended
1962 CTSS operating system (for IBM 7090 & IBM 7094) (Dr.F. Corbato, MIT)
1962 Gen. Info. & Retrieval System (GIRLS) for IBM 7090 (J.A. Postley, AIS)
1962 EXEC 1 operating system (for Univac 1107) (Computer Sciences Corp.)
1962 APL (A Programming Language) (Kenneth Iverson)
1962 IBSYS operating system (IBM 7090)
1962 Advanced Data Management System (ADAM) (for IBM 7030) (MITRE)
1962 COLINGO database (for IBM 1401)
1962 FORMAC formula manipulation
1962 SNOBOL (String Oriented Symbolic Language)
1963 Master Control Program operating system (for Burroughs B5000)
1963 COGO (Coordinate Geometry)
1963 Information Processing System (IPS) (for CDC 1604) (NAVCOSSACT)
1963 JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop System) (J.Cliff Shaw, Rand Corporation)
1963 CORC scientific programming language
1963 OMNIT AB scientific programming language
1963 Ambit
1964 Integrated Data Store (I-D-S) (Charles Bachman, General Electric)
1964 OS/360 operating system (for IBM 360)
1964 BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
(John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz, Dartmouth College)
1964 FORMAC (Formula Manipulation Compiler) for non-numeric mathematics
(Jean Sammet)
1964 PAT on-line programming language
1964 PL/1 (developed by IBM and SHARE)
1964 Altran
1965 Generalized Update Access Method (GUAM) (IBM 7010)
(developed by North American Space Division)
1965 Remote Access Terminal System (for IBM 7010)
(developed by IBM, and Rockwell International)
1965 Generalized Information System (GIS) (for IBM System/360)
1965 DENDRAL (Edward Fiegenbaum, Joshua Lederberg (Stanford University)
1965 C-10 database management system (IBM 1410) (developed by MITRE)
1965 COGENT report generator (for IBM 709)
1965 CPS on-line programming language
1965 RUSH on-line programming language
1965 Amtran on-line programming language
1965 FLAP formula manipulation programming language
1965 CLP list processing language
1965c MULTICS interactive operating system (for GE/Honeywell 645)
(developed by GE, Bell Labs & MIT)
1965 TRAC
1965 SNOBOL 3
1966 SIMULA I (Kristen Nygaard, Ole-Lohan Dahl) (First Object Oriented Language)
1966 TOSS operating system (for IBM System/360) (developed by RCA)
1966 Dialog on-line programming language
1966 MAP on-line programming language
1966 NAPSS scientific programming language
1966 Euler scientific programming language
1966 Coursewriter II
1966 OMNITAB II
1966 ECAP II (Electronic Circuit Analysis Program II)
1966 MPSX (Mathematical Programming System Extended)
1967 RAMIS non-proceral programming language (Mathematical)
1967 MANAGE database management system (for XDS 940 computer)
(developed by Scientific Data Systems)
1967 AS-IST database management system (for IBM System/360)
(developed by Applications Software)
1967 LUCID database management system (for AN/FSQ32)
(developed by System Development)
1967 ICES (Integrated Civil Engineering System)
1967 CSSL (Continuous Systems Simulation Language)
1967 Simula 67 (Simulation Language 1967)
1967 CPUL programming language
1967 POSE scientific programming language
1967 MAC-30 programming language
1967 DIAGMAG scientific programming language
1967 REDUCE formula manipulation language
1967 SPRINT list processing language
1967 LOLITA list processing language
1967 EOL-3 string processing language
1967 LEAP multipurpose programming language
1967 SNOBOL 4
1968 ALGOL 68 (Algorithmic Language)
1968 ATLAS (Abbreviated Test Language for "All" Systems)
1968 CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program)
1968 Speakeasy
1968 OS/MFT operating system (for IBM 360 computers)
1968 TSS operating system (for IBM 360/370)
1968 MCP operating system (for Burroughs for B2500 and B3500)
1968 PAL programming language
1968 Proteus programming language
1968 GPL general purpose programming language
1968 TPS
1968 Salem
1968 Ariel
1968 Bruin
1968 TLC
1968 Termac
1968 Active Language 1
1968 Symbal
1968 Champ
1969 MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital General Utility
Multi-Programming System)
1969 PILOT
1969 CP-67/CMS operating system (for IBM 360 computer)
1969 OS/MVT operating system (for IBM 360 computer)
1969 Data Manager-1 (developed by Auerbach)
1969 UNIX multi-user, multitasking operating system development begun at Bell Labs
1969 Cobol Data Management System (CDMS) (for IBM 360)
(developed by Defense Intelligence Agency)
1969 Information Management System (IMS) hierarchical database management
system (developed by IBM)
1969 TSOS operating system (for Spectra 70/46) (developed by RCA)
1969 Time Shared Data Management System (TSDMS) (for IBM 360)
1969 Remote File Management System (for CDC 6000)
(developed at University of Texas)
1969 McG360 programming language
1969 DML programming language
1969 REL programming language
1969 PLANNER programming language
1969 REF-ARF programming language
1969 IITRAN multipurpose programming language
1969 APAREL multipurpose programming language
1969 NUCLEOL string processing language
1969 LEAF list processing language
1969 IAM formula manipulation language
1969 PPL on-line programming language
1969 OSCAR on-line programming language
1969 TRANQUIL scientific programming language
1969 SPEAKEASY scientific programming language
1969 STIL scientific programming language
1969 Music V (Max Mathews)
1969 Scratchpad
1970 BLISS (Basic Language for Implementation of System Software)
1970 SC-1 database management system (for IBM 360)
(developed by Western Electric)
1970 DMS data management system (for Sigma 5,7,9 computers)
(developed by Xerox Data Systems)
1970 S2000 data management system (for CDC 6000)(developed by SRI Systems)
1970 AIDS scientific programming language
1970 IIMP scientific programming language
1970 POEL scientific programming language
1970 LPL list processing language
1970 BALM list processing language
1970 Gedanken programming language
1970c Macsyma programming language (Joel Moses, MIT)
1970 Vulcan
1970 PDEL
1970 Pascal (Niklaus Wirth)
1971 VMOS operating system (for Spectra computers) (developed by RCA)
1971 ETC programming language
1971 TUTOR
1971 ISPL (Instruction Set Processor Language)
1971 FORMAC formula manipulation language
1971 HAL/S A programming language used aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia
1972 SMALLTALK object-oriented language (Alan Kay; Xerox)
1972 PL/M high-level language for microprocessor
1972 VS/9 operating system (for UNIVAC Series 90)
1972 Development of C language (Dennis Ritchie)
1973 BS2000 operating system (for Siemens 7500)
1973 VM 1370 operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1973 OS/VS operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1973 Pholas data management system (for Philips P1000)
1973 PDS/MaGEN (Problem Descriptor System)
1974 PL/M
1975 SPSS (Statistical Programs for the Social Sciences)
1975 OS/MVS operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1975 UNIX licensed by Western Electric for academic and commercial sectors
1975 ADA programming language developed for U.S. Dept. of Defense
1975 MDQS (Management Data Query System) developed by Honeywell
1976 Mola multiprocessing language (Niklaus Wirth)
1976 SMALLTALK 76 (Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Daniel H. H. Ingalis; Xerox PARC)
1977 CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) (Gary Kildall)
1979 VisiCalc electronic spreadsheet software for microcomputers
1979 X-CON (aka RI) expert system (Carnegie-Mellon University)
(used at Digital Equipment Corporation)
1980 INTELLECT natural language query system
(Artificial Intelligence Corporation)
1980 CPF operating system (for IBM System/38 minicomputer)
1980 C++ (Bjarne Stroustrup, Bell Labs)
1981 MS/DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
developed by Microsoft Corporation) (IBM version called PC/DOS)
1983 KEE (expert systems development tool) IntelliCorp.
198? Objective C (Brad Cox; Stepstone Corporation)
1988 Windows 386 version 2.0 Released by Microsoft Corporation
1990 (April) Windows 3.0 released by Microsoft Corporation
1991 Windows NT Server version 3.1 released by Microsoft Corporation
1994 Windows NT Server version 3.5 released by Microsoft Corporation
1995 Windows 95 (microcomputer operating system and interface, Microsoft Corporation)
1995 JAVA (James Gosling, Sun Microsystems)
1996 Windows NT Server version 4.0 released by Microsoft Corporation
1996 "Inferno" under development by Dennis Ritchie and others
1996 (March) Microsoft』s Active X is released
1996 (October) Sun Microsystems SunSoft division releases JavaBeans
1996 Symantec』s Visual Cafe 1.0 tool (supports JavaBeans model)
1996 Delphi announces JBuilder (formerly code-named Latte)
1996 IBM』s Visual Age (supports JavaBean)
1996 Powersoft announces Jato (originally code-named Starbuck) (supports JavaBeans)
1996 Oracle Corporation announces Sedona, a development tools technology
1997 Microsoft Windows NT 5.0
編程語言歷史
《BYTE》：A Brief History of Programming Languages
We』ve come a long way from computers programmed with wires and punch cards. Maybe not as far as some would like, though. Here are the innovations in programming.
ca. 1946
Konrad Zuse , a German engineer working alone while hiding out in the Bavarian Alps, develops Plankalkul. He applies the language to, among other things, chess.
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1949
Short Code , the first computer language actually used on an electronic computing device, appears. It is, however, a "hand-compiled" language.
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1951
Grace Hopper , working for Remington Rand, begins design work on the first widely known compiler, named A-0. When the language is released by Rand in 1957, it is called MATH-MATIC.
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1952
Alick E. Glennie , in his spare time at the University of Manchester, devises a programming system called AUTOCODE, a rudimentary compiler.
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1957
FORTRAN --mathematical FORmula TRANslating system--appears. Heading the team is John Backus, who goes on to contribute to the development of ALGOL and the well-known syntax-specification system known as BNF.
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1958
FORTRAN II appears, able to handle subroutines and links to assembly language. John McCarthy at M.I.T. begins work on LISP--LISt Processing.
The original specification for ALGOL appears. The specific ation does not describe how data will be input or output; that is left to the indivial implementations.
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1959
LISP 1.5 appears. COBOL is created by the Conference on Data Systems and Languages (CODASYL).
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1960
ALGOL 60 , the first block-structured language, appears. This is the root of the family tree that will ultimately proce the likes of Pascal. ALGOL goes on to become the most popular language in Europe in the mid- to late-1960s.
Sometime in the early 1960s , Kenneth Iverson begins work on the language that will become APL--A Programming Language. It uses a specialized character set that, for proper use, requires APL-compatible I/O devices.
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1962
APL is documented in Iverson』s book, A Pro gramming Language .
FORTRAN IV appears.
Work begins on the sure-fire winner of the "clever acronym" award, SNOBOL--StriNg-Oriented symBOlic Language. It will spawn other clever acronyms: FASBOL, a SNOBOL compiler (in 1971), and SPITBOL--SPeedy ImplemenTation of snoBOL--also in 1971.
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1963
ALGOL 60 is revised.
Work begins on PL/1.
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1964
APL\360 is implemented.
At Dartmouth University , professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz invent BASIC. The first implementation is a compiler. The first BASIC program runs at about 4:00 a.m. on May 1, 1964.
PL/1 is released.
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1965
SNOBOL3 appears.
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1966
FORTRAN 66 appears.
LISP 2 appears.
Work begins on LOGO at Bolt, Beranek, & Newman. The team is headed by Wally Fuerzeig and includes Seymour Papert. LOGO is best known for its "turtle graphics."
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1967
SNOBOL4 , a much-enhanced SNOBOL, appears.
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1968
ALGOL 68 , a monster compared to ALGOL 60, appears. Some members of the specifications committee--including C.A.R. Hoare and Niklaus Wirth--protest its approval. ALGOL 68 proves difficult to implement.
ALTRAN , a FORTRAN variant, appears.
COBOL is officially defined by ANSI.
Niklaus Wirth begins work on Pascal.
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1969
500 people attend an APL conference at IBM』s headquarters in Armonk, New York. The demands for APL』s distribution are so great that the event is later referred to as "The March on Armonk."
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1970
Sometime in the early 1970s , Charles Moore writes the first significant programs in his new language, Forth.
Work on Prolog begins about this time.
Also sometime in the early 1970s , work on Smalltalk begins at Xerox PARC, led by Alan Kay. Early versions will include Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, and Smalltalk-76.
An implementation of Pascal appears on a CDC 6000-series computer.
Icon , a descendant of SNOBOL4, appears.
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1972
The manuscript for Konrad Zuse』s Plankalkul (see 1946) is finally published.
Denni s Ritchie proces C. The definitive reference manual for it will not appear until 1974.
The first implementation of Prolog -- by Alain Colmerauer and Phillip Roussel -- appears.
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1974
Another ANSI specification for COBOL appears.
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1975
2. 電腦編程有那幾種語言
機器語言，沒用過，不過是計算機最底層的語言，直接運行的，debug就是用這種語言
匯編語言，比機器語言高級，但仍然很繁瑣
高級語言，就是通常意義上的編程語言，有很多種，列舉一些（括弧里是對應的編譯器）
BASIC(VB),純C（TurboC），C++（Visual C++，C++Builder），C#（Visual C#），Pascal（Turbo Pascal，Delphi），Java（Sun Java），J#（Visual J#）高級語言有很多，常用的就是這些，
3. abb基本編程指令語言
編程指令精講
1、WZDOSet和WZLimUp
WZDOSet 當機器人的TCP進入你所設定的WORLDZONE後，你所指定的一個DO信號就會自動被設定為你在指令中所定義狀態。WZLimUp當機器人的TCP或關節將進入你所設定的WORLDZONE之前，機器人會停下來，並報警。 WORLDZONE的使用必須使用POWER＿UP ROUTINE進行啟動。 2、ACCSET
運動控制指令-AccSet AccSet Acc,Ramp;
Acc: 機器人加速度百分比（num) Ramp: 機器人加速度坡度（num)
應用： 當機器人運行速度改變時，對所產生的相應加速度進行限制，使機器人高速運行時更平緩，但會延長循環時間，系統默認值為AccSet100,100; 限制： 機器人加速度百分率值最小為20，小於20以20計，機器人加速度坡度值最小為10，小於10以10計 機器人冷啟動，新程序載入與程序重置後，系統自動設置為默認值。
這樣，你們就可以根據實際需要進行設定了 3、LoadID
Load Identify這是ABB機器人工具和載重的重量和重心數據的識別功能。你只需要執行一下這個程序，你就可以輕松設定TOOLDATA和LOADDATA了。為機器人設定正確的TOOLDATA和LOADDATA是非常重要的，這是因為有了正確的數據設定以後，機器人在進行運動運算時，能更好地進行各軸扭矩的控制。有防地防止了輸出功率的過大或過小，而造成機器人電機和機構的異常損壞。 4、PDispSet
在激光焊接與打標的應用中，通常在一個加工平面內，有幾十個加工點。如果因為夾具或滑台的原因造成所有加工點向一個方向整體偏移，這時對這幾十個點重新教一次的話，這樣工作量是相當大的。有沒有簡單的方法應對這種情況呢？答案是有的，這就是PDispSet。
VAR pose xp100 := [ [X, Y, Z], [1, 0, 0, 0] ]; ...
PDispSet xp100;
例中，只需對xp100的X和Y對偏移的方向進行整體補償，這樣一來，幾十個點就校正過來了。一般地，Z方向不用調整，因為要在激光焦距上。 在執行的移動指令前加上PDispSet xp100;，後面跟著的移動指令如MOVEJ MOVEL就會在X和Y方向加入XP100的偏移量。
4. 學習編程，需要注意些什麼呢
學習編程，首先應該認認真真的學習一門語言。學習微軟的，就先從VB開始，VB是比較好的入門語言，可視化的，比較簡單，是非常好的入門語言。書籍最少應該准備兩本，不可能一本書籍會包含VB的所有內容，在看書的時候，可以交叉的看，一本書籍中沒有講到的內容可以在另一本中看到，這樣對學習是很有好處的，也能保證所學知識的完整性。學編程是一個很漫長的過程，不要著急，要理論與實踐想結合，常式書籍也是很重要的，看源代碼對學習也是很有幫助的，等你學完這門VB語言之後，學習別的語言是非常簡單，可以嘗試C語言，按照C——C++——VC的順序學習，有助於知識的連貫性。或者學習Delphi，入門較為簡單類似於VB，但比VB強大，即可作為入門又能做強、做大。 1 ． 明確學習目的 學習編程對大多數IT業人員來說都是非常有用的。學編程，做一名編程人員，從個人角度講，可以解決在軟體使用中所遇到的問題，改進現有軟體，可以為自己找到一份理想的工作添加重要得砝碼，有利於在求職道路上謀得一個好的職位；從國家的角度，可以為中國的軟體產業做出應有的貢獻，一名優秀的程序員永遠是被爭奪的對象。學習編程還能鍛煉思維，使我們的邏輯思維更加嚴密；能夠不斷享受到創新的樂趣，將一直有機會走在高科技的前沿，因為程序設計本身是一種創造性的工作。知識經濟時代給我們帶來了無限的機會，要想真正掌握計算機技術，並在IT行業里干出一番事業來，有所作為，具有一定的編程能力是一個基本條件和要求。 2 ． 打好基礎 學編程要具備一定的基礎，總結之有以下幾方面： （1）數學基礎——從計算機發展和應用的歷史來看計算機的數學模型和體系結構等都是有數學家提出的，最早的計算機也是為數值計算而設計的。因此，要學好計算機就要有一定的數學基礎，出學者有高中水平就差不多了。 （2）邏輯思維能力的培養——學程序設計要有一定的邏輯思維能力，「邏思力」的培養要長時間的實踐鍛煉。要想成為一名優秀的程序員，最重要的是掌握編程思想。要做到這一點必須在反復的實踐、觀察、分析、比較、總結中逐漸地積累。因此在學習編程過程中，我們不必等到什麼都完全明白了才去動手實踐，只要明白了大概，就要敢於自己動手去體驗。誰都有第一次。有些問題只有通過實踐後才能明白，也只有實踐才能把老師和書上的知識變成自己的，高手都是這樣成材的。 （3）選擇一種合適的入門語言——面對各種各樣的語言，應按什麼樣的順序學呢？程序設計工具不外乎如下幾類： ① 本地開發應用軟體開發的工具有：Visual Basic 、Delphi 、VC++ ( C++ Builder ) 等；資料庫開發工具有：Visual Foxpro 、Oracle Developer 、Power Builder 等。 ② 跨平台開發開發工具如 Java 等。 3）網路開發對客戶端開發工具如：Java Script 等；對伺服器開發工具如：PHP 、ASP 、JSP 、ISAPI 、NSAPI 、CGI 等。 以上不同的環境下幾種開發工具中 VB 法簡單並容易理解，界面設計是可設化的，易學、易用。選 VB 作為入門的方向對出學者是較為適合的。 3 ． 注意理解一些重要概念 一本程序設計的書看到的無非就是變數、函數、條件語句、循環語句等概念，但要真正能進行編程應用，需要深入理解這些概念，在理解的基礎上應用，不要只簡單地學習語法、結構，而要吃透針對這些語法、結構的應用例子，做到舉一反三，觸類旁通。 4 ． 掌握編程思想 學習一門語言或開發工具，語法結構、功能調用是次要的，最主要是學習它的思想。例如學習VC就要學習Windows的內在機理、什麼是線程．．．．．．；學習COM就要知道VTALBE、類廠、介面．．．．．．，關鍵是學一種思想，有了思想，那麼我們就可以觸類旁通。 5 ． 多實踐、多交流 掌握編程思想必須在編程實際工作中去實踐和體會。編程起步階段要經常自己動手設計程序，具體設計時不要拘泥於固定的思維方式，遇到問題要多想幾種解決的方案。這就要多交流，各人的思維方式不同、角度各異，各有高招，通過交流可不斷吸收別人的長處，豐富編程實踐，幫助自己提高水平。親自動手進行程序設計是創造性思維應用的體現，也是培養邏輯思維的好方法。 6 ． 養成良好的編程習慣 編程入門不難，但入門後不斷學習是十分重要的，相對來說較為漫長。在此期間要注意養成一些良好的編程習慣。編程風格的好壞很大程度影響程序質量。良好的編程風格可以使程序結構清晰合理，且使程序代碼便於維護。如代碼的縮進編排、變數命令規則的一致性、代碼的注釋等。 7 ． 上網學編程 在網上可以學到很多不同的編程思想、方法、經驗和技巧，有大量的工具和作品及相關的輔導材料供下載。例如網站「編程課堂」（ http://best.yeah.net/） 主要以 VB 和 Delph；教學和交流為主，提供大量實用技巧；網站「現在時編程學園」（ http://pshool.yeah.net/） 是專門介紹C、VC、VB、Delphi 等的綜合編程網站；網站「 VB 編程樂園 」（ http://www.vbeden.com/） 提供內容豐富而且實用的編程技術文章、精選控制項、源代碼下載、計算機考試、相關軟體以及編程書籍推薦等等。 8 ． 加強計算機理論知識的再學習 學編程是符合「理論→實踐→再理論→再實踐」的一個認識過程。一開始要具有一定的計算機理論基礎知識，包括編程所需的數學基礎知識，具備了入門的條件，就可以開始編程的實踐，從實踐中可以發現問題需要加強計算機理論知識的再學習。程序人人皆可編，但當你發現編到一定程度很難再提高的時候，就要回頭來學習一些計算機科學和數學基礎理論。學過之後，很多以前遇到的問題都會迎刃而解，使人有豁然開朗之感。因此在學習編程的過程中要不斷地針對應用中的困惑和問題深入學習數據結構、演算法、計算機原理、編譯原理、操作系統原理、軟體工程等計算機科學的理論基礎和數理邏輯、代數系統、圖論、離散數學等數學理論基礎知識。這樣經過不斷的學習，再努力地實踐，編程水平一定會不斷提高到一個新高度。 學習編程是一件好事 不過之前你得先了解，你學習編程的目的是什麼，這個很重要，因為目的決定發展方向。 目前對於編程有很多種編程語言以及相對應的開發軟體，下面說明一些常用的編程語言，根據你的情況選一種語言進行學習，不要盲亂學習。 C語言：一種可移植性和多系統平台的編程語言，開發軟體，如：TC。 VB：一種可以說是既學既用的軟體開發語言，開發軟體如：VB 6.0。 DELPHI：一種和VB差不多的既學既用的軟體開發語言不過其功能遠比，VB強大，代碼書寫上更加方便，開發軟體，如：DELPHI 7.0。 JAVA：一種功能強大可移植性強開發語言。 程序語言，顧名思義就是語言，是用於交流的，程序就是計算機的語言和人的語言的翻譯者，做一個程序員就是要把人類世界的問題用計算機的方法去解決和展現，可是因為種種原因，大多數人在如何學好語言，如何學好開發平台上疲於奔命，到頭來你只會敲寫代碼。 程序基本上都是自學的，買書是一開始碰到的最頭痛的問題，計算機的書大多都很貴，現將我的一點經驗供大家參考： 如果想做一個合格的程序員，C++是一定要學的， 首先你要花兩個月的時間學習C、C++，這樣的書很多，去選一些大學的教材足亦，切記，不要花過多的時間研究C++，兩個月夠了，只要學會其中語法就行了，不要為了深入用DOS編寫菜單什麼的，那是吃飽人參了。 如果你有過多的時間，接下來你可以學習數據結構，推崇《數據結構C++語言描述》，清華大學出版，但如果無過多時間，還是不看為妙，至少我現在從未用過這本書的知識，許多東西MFC VCL等開發平台都為你已經做好。 接下來開始學習Windows下的SDK編程, 推崇《Windows程序設計》，建議去借，不要買，而且你只看上冊，你只要了解Windows的運作機制即可。兩個月後，你將轉入VC的世界，既然要在Windows下編程，VC不可不學, 推崇《VC++技術內幕》第四版，三個月，不要全部看，看前面的三部分，後面不要看。後面的只是對COM，資料庫，Internet形如雞肋的介紹。 接下來你應該考慮一下你將要發展的方向，如果是做資料庫，你可以用VB和Delphi或CB，如果要做通信方面，或者硬體，你將要深入VC，如果是WEB相關的，去學學ASP、JAVA、JSP、XML等，但有一樣你必須要學的，COM。COM與其說是一樣新的技術，還不如說是種機制，推崇潘愛民的《COM原理和應用》，你可以一邊看這本書，一邊學習些ActiveX組件，ATL控制項等等。如果你有的是時間，不急於找工作，你還可以看看《Windows高級編程》或《Windows核心編程》，但不管怎麼樣，你要切記，VC不是用來做界面和資料庫的，做網路的現在也有JAVA，都是用來做一些很底層的東西，VC是很高薪的，如果你對自己有充分的信心和有的是時間，你才可以深入VC。否則的話，還是看看人才市場，看看行情，再說。 還有一點切記，有些書，諸如《MFC深入淺出》這些書主要是關於那些技術原理的介紹，我個人認為程序只是工具，只是技術，只要學會用，能完成任務即可，如果有的是時間，才會去探索根源，也許有許多人會說，懂了原理對你編程會有很大幫助，我不否認，但是，要知道，就算你編程技術如何了得，你只是個技術人員，當你學了那麼多的技術和知識，第一，計算機的知識其實是各大公司制定出的標准，標准變了，你不是白學了嗎？第二，當你花了幾年的時間學習，到頭來你只不過程序水平提高一點。我認為應當將你的大部分智力和精力用在如何與人打交道，電腦讓你用的好有什麼用，人腦讓你擺弄的好才算真本事，就如《黑冰》裡面的計算機工程師，雖然對計算機十分精通，可有什麼用，還不是死在王志文的手裡？而且死的很慘，臉都毀了。 另外，不要去學你喜歡的，也不要去費勁腦子想該學什麼，看看人才市場，市場需要什麼，你學什麼。