android44kernel

Ⅰ android操作系統是基於linux Kernel是什麼意思

每一個操作系統都有不同的內核。像Windows每個版本的內核都不同，而Mac OX用的是Unix的內核，Linux用的是Linux內核。而Android操作系統的內核是Linux，但是他不是一種Linux操作系統。

Ⅱ android 怎樣編譯kernel 命令 make

方法如下：
在Linux的環境下:
建立目錄:

mkdir ~/android-kernel cd android-kernel

下載源代碼, 大概有280MB, 慢慢等哈~~~ (當然你要先安裝git) git clone git://git.linuxtogo.org/home/groups/mobile-linux/kernel.git
類似的屏幕信息:
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/user/android-kernel/kernel/.git/ remote: Counting objects: 908251, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (153970/153970), done.
remote: Total 908251 (delta 755115), reused 906063 (delta 753016) Receiving objects: 100% (908251/908251), 281.86 MiB | 292 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (755115/755115), done. Checking out files: 100% (22584/22584), done.
然後去到htc-msm branch: cd kernel
git checkout -b htc-msm origin/htc-msm
屏幕信息:
Branch htc-msm set up to track remote branch refs/remotes/origin/htc-msm. Switched to a new branch "htc-msm"

下載ARM的toolchain, 大概64MB左右, 下到~/android-kernel: 下
載
:
http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/portal/package2549/public/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/arm-2008q1-126-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2

cd ~/android-kernel
tar xjf arm-2008q1-126-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
編譯kernel

准備預設的Kaiser 配置文件.config
cd ~/android-kernel/kernel

make htckaiser_defconfig ARCH=arm
然後編譯zImage:
export PATH=~/android-kernel/arm-2008q1/bin:$PATH
make zImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
編譯好的在: ~/android-kernel/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage

如果你的機器是多核的, 可以編譯的時候用-j <cores/cpus_number>來加速:
比如, 雙核的可以:
make -j 2 zImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi
滿意請採納謝謝

Ⅲ android kernel和標准linux kernel的區別

android kernel和標准linux kernel的區別
總的區別可以歸納如下：
ARCH -- 這是Android修改了arch/arm下面的一些文件：
arch/arm:
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/mole.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/process.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/ptrace.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
Chg: arch/arm/mm/cache-v6.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/entry.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfp.h
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmole.c
Goldfish -- 這是Android為了模擬器所開發的一個虛擬硬體平台。Goldfish執行arm926T指令（在2.6.29中，goldfish也支持ATMv7指令），但是在實際的設備中，該虛擬平台的文件不會被編譯。
arch/arm/mach-goldfish:
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/audio.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/board-goldfish.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pdev_bus.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pm.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/switch.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/timer.c
YAFFS2 -- 和PC把文件存儲在硬碟上不一樣， 移動設備一般把Flash作為存儲設備。尤其是NAND flash應用非常廣泛（絕大多數手機用的都是NAND flash，三星的一些手機使用的是OneNAND）。NAND flash具有低成本和高密度的優點。
YAFFS2 是「Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition" 的簡稱。 它提供在Linux內核和NAND flash設備 之前高效率的介面。 YAFFS2並沒有包含在標準的Linux內核中， Google把它添加到了Android的kernel
fs/yaffs2:
New: fs/yaffs2/devextras.h
New: fs/yaffs2/Kconfig
New: fs/yaffs2/Makefile
New: fs/yaffs2/moleconfig.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_fs.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_getblockinfo.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffsinterface.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nandemul2k.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yportenv.h
Bluetooth -- Google為Bluetooth打上了patch，fix了一些Bluetooth的bug
drivers/bluetooth:
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bfusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_h4.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_ll.c
Scheler -- 對於Scheler的改變非常小，我對它並沒有去研究。
Chg: kernel/sched.c

New Android Functionality -- 除了fix一些bug以及其他一些小的更改，Android增加了一些新的功能，介紹如下：
IPC Binder -- The IPC Binder is an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism. It allows processes to provide services to other processes via a set of higher-level APIs than are available in standard Linux. An Internet search indicated that the Binder concept originated at Be, Inc., and then made its way into Palm's software, before Google wrote a new Binder for Android.
New: drivers/staging/android/binder.c
Low Memory Killer -- Android adds a low-memory killer that, each time it's called, scans the list of running Linux processes, and kills one. It was not clear in our cursory examination why Android adds a low-memory killer on top of the already existing one in the standard Linux kernel.
New: drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c
Ashmem -- Ashmem is an Anonymous SHared MEMory system that adds interfaces so processes can share named blocks of memory. As an example, the system could use Ashmem to store icons, which multiple processes could then access when drawing their UI. The advantage of Ashmem over traditional Linux shared memory is that it provides a means for the kernel to reclaim these shared memory blocks if they are not currently in use. If a process then tries to access a shared memory block the kernel has freed, it will receive an error, and will then need to reallocate the block and reload the data.
New: mm/ashmem.c
RAM Console and Log Device -- To aid in debugging, Android adds the ability to store kernel log messages to a RAM buffer. Additionally, Android adds a separate logging mole so that user processes can read and write user log messages.
New: drivers/staging/android/ram_console.c
Android Debug Bridge -- Debugging embedded devices can best be described as challenging. To make debugging easier, Google created the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), which is a protocol that runs over a USB link between a hardware device running Android and a developer writing applications on a desktop PC.
drivers/usb/gadget:
New: drivers/usb/gadget/android.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.h

Android also adds a new real-time clock, switch support, and timed GPIO support. We list the impacted files for these new moles at the end of this document.
Power Management -- Power management is one of the most difficult pieces to get right in mobile devices, so we split it out into a group separate from the other pieces. It's interesting to note that Google added a new power management system to Linux, rather than reuse what already existed. We list the impacted files at the end of this document.
kernel/power:
New: kernel/power/consoleearlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/fbearlysuspend.c
Chg: kernel/power/main.c
Chg: kernel/power/power.h
Chg: kernel/power/process.c
New: kernel/power/userwakelock.c
New: kernel/power/wakelock.c
Miscellaneous Changes -- In addition to the above, we found a number of changes that could best be described as, 'Miscellaneous.' Among other things, these changes include additional debugging support, keypad light controls, and management of TCP networking.
(freedom_asic)

Ⅳ Android系統啟動到kernel一般需要多長時間

這個要根據你的手機來判斷。你的手機如果說CPU好的話。內存高的話，啟動的速度就快。CPU如果說不好的話，一般般的話，啟動的速度肯定會慢一點。

Ⅳ android kernel和標准linux kernel的區別

android kernel和標准linux kernel的區別
總的區別可以歸納如下：
ARCH -- 這是Android修改了arch/arm下面的一些文件：
arch/arm:
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/mole.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/process.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/ptrace.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
Chg: arch/arm/mm/cache-v6.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/entry.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfp.h
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmole.c
Goldfish -- 這是Android為了模擬器所開發的一個虛擬硬體平台。Goldfish執行arm926T指令（在2.6.29中，goldfish也支持ATMv7指令），但是在實際的設備中，該虛擬平台的文件不會被編譯。
arch/arm/mach-goldfish:
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/audio.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/board-goldfish.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pdev_bus.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pm.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/switch.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/timer.c
YAFFS2 -- 和PC把文件存儲在硬碟上不一樣， 移動設備一般把Flash作為存儲設備。尤其是NAND flash應用非常廣泛（絕大多數手機用的都是NAND flash，三星的一些手機使用的是OneNAND）。NAND flash具有低成本和高密度的優點。
YAFFS2 是「Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition" 的簡稱。 它提供在Linux內核和NAND flash設備 之前高效率的介面。 YAFFS2並沒有包含在標準的Linux內核中， Google把它添加到了Android的kernel
fs/yaffs2:
New: fs/yaffs2/devextras.h
New: fs/yaffs2/Kconfig
New: fs/yaffs2/Makefile
New: fs/yaffs2/moleconfig.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_fs.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_getblockinfo.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffsinterface.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nandemul2k.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yportenv.h
Bluetooth -- Google為Bluetooth打上了patch，fix了一些Bluetooth的bug
drivers/bluetooth:
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bfusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_h4.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_ll.c
Scheler -- 對於Scheler的改變非常小，我對它並沒有去研究。
Chg: kernel/sched.c

New Android Functionality -- 除了fix一些bug以及其他一些小的更改，Android增加了一些新的功能，介紹如下：
IPC Binder -- The IPC Binder is an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism. It allows processes to provide services to other processes via a set of higher-level APIs than are available in standard Linux. An Internet search indicated that the Binder concept originated at Be, Inc., and then made its way into Palm's software, before Google wrote a new Binder for Android.
New: drivers/staging/android/binder.c
Low Memory Killer -- Android adds a low-memory killer that, each time it's called, scans the list of running Linux processes, and kills one. It was not clear in our cursory examination why Android adds a low-memory killer on top of the already existing one in the standard Linux kernel.
New: drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c
Ashmem -- Ashmem is an Anonymous SHared MEMory system that adds interfaces so processes can share named blocks of memory. As an example, the system could use Ashmem to store icons, which multiple processes could then access when drawing their UI. The advantage of Ashmem over traditional Linux shared memory is that it provides a means for the kernel to reclaim these shared memory blocks if they are not currently in use. If a process then tries to access a shared memory block the kernel has freed, it will receive an error, and will then need to reallocate the block and reload the data.
New: mm/ashmem.c
RAM Console and Log Device -- To aid in debugging, Android adds the ability to store kernel log messages to a RAM buffer. Additionally, Android adds a separate logging mole so that user processes can read and write user log messages.
New: drivers/staging/android/ram_console.c
Android Debug Bridge -- Debugging embedded devices can best be described as challenging. To make debugging easier, Google created the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), which is a protocol that runs over a USB link between a hardware device running Android and a developer writing applications on a desktop PC.
drivers/usb/gadget:
New: drivers/usb/gadget/android.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.h

Android also adds a new real-time clock, switch support, and timed GPIO support. We list the impacted files for these new moles at the end of this document.
Power Management -- Power management is one of the most difficult pieces to get right in mobile devices, so we split it out into a group separate from the other pieces. It's interesting to note that Google added a new power management system to Linux, rather than reuse what already existed. We list the impacted files at the end of this document.
kernel/power:
New: kernel/power/consoleearlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/fbearlysuspend.c
Chg: kernel/power/main.c
Chg: kernel/power/power.h
Chg: kernel/power/process.c
New: kernel/power/userwakelock.c
New: kernel/power/wakelock.c
Miscellaneous Changes -- In addition to the above, we found a number of changes that could best be described as, 'Miscellaneous.' Among other things, these changes include additional debugging support, keypad light controls, and management of TCP networking.
(freedom_asic)

Ⅵ android kernel 怎樣反編譯

好像不能反編譯吧，自己到xda論壇找源碼。如果手機廠官方沒有公開源碼，也沒辦法了

Ⅶ 如何編譯Android的kernel

1.准備工作： （ubuntu1110 32位）
ubuntu等linuxOS，下載好eclipse，安裝好JDK， 安裝好android的SDK， 在eclipse中成功打開android 手機模擬器即OK。

2.初始化編譯環境 ：
關注該網頁上的「installing required packages」,其中有的軟體包因為版本問題而安裝不上，不用管它，之後遇到錯誤再單獨解決。

3.下載內核源碼：
android 2.3 內核 下載需要等待一段時間。

4.下載交叉編譯器：
該步驟有可能耗費大量時間，依據網速不同，幾個小時到幾天不等，或許可以嘗試git clone 後面的地址只下載prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain

5.設置參數以及編譯：
$ export ARCH=arm
$ export SUBARCH=arm
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-eabi-
$ cd goldfish // 進入下載的源代碼目錄
$ git checkout <commit_from_first_step> //這個步驟我沒有做，不知道幹嘛用的
$ make goldfish_defconfig
$ make

6.報錯信息：
若有報錯說找不到 （arm-eabi-gcc command not found）等等，嘗試使用採用另外一個交叉編譯器。

7.測試：

最後，測試一下剛才編譯的內核：emulator -avd myavd -kernel ~/goldfish/arch/arm/boot/zImageemulator若系統找不到，可以去android SDK中某文件夾找到，加入系統PATH即可。 -avd後面的參數 myavd即為模擬器的名字，這個我是在eclipse中的模擬器管理中新建的一個模擬器，用那個模擬器的名字即可。 -kernel後面的參數就找到剛才編譯出的內核的路徑。
若啟動模擬器失敗，可嘗試關閉後再啟動。第一次啟動模擬器時可能需要等待比較長的時間。