① linux怎樣啟動遠程kvm圖形界面
使用VNC軟體：
Linux下VNC配置詳解，以下配置為配置VNC詳細介紹。並解決了用VNC View登入發現畫面是灰色的問題
1. Linux下VNC的配置
首先在Linux的add/remove applications中的system tools下面安裝VNC-server服務安裝完成後直接輸入vncserver 會出現以下內容:
passwd: //只有這個帳號是第一次運行vncserver，才會要求你輸入連接的密碼。
verify:
New 'server1.linux:4 (demo)' desktop is server1.linux:1
Starting applications specified in /home/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/.vnc/server1.linux:1.log
上面這段話表示起動了一個圖形終端，編號為1,要記住這個編號，等下登錄時需要提供這個編號。第一次啟動VNC一定要先直接輸入vncserver。如果你要停止這個進程，使用命令
vncserver -kill :1
啟動後就可以在客戶端上面輸入IP加剛才提到的那個編號即可登陸機器(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx：1) 看到一個灰色的Xwindow桌面但上面什麼也沒有
運行過一次VNSERVER後會在HOME目錄下面生成一個.VNC文件夾（在開始啟動的時候可看到該文件夾的位置）註：該目錄為隱藏，可直接輸入路徑進入。修改xstartup文件，去掉unset SESSION_MANAGER 和exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc 前面的注釋符號，將最後一行twm & 改成 gnome-session &
vi /root/.vnc/xstartup
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER //此行注釋去掉
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc //此行注釋去掉
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
twm & //改成 gnome-session &
重新啟動VNCSERVER即可
2、VNC的啟動/停止/重啟
#service vncserver start/stop/restart
關閉具體的vncserver命令：
vncserver -kill :1
vncserver -kill :2
3、設置密碼
#vncpasswd
4、客戶端登陸
在vnc客戶端中輸入：伺服器端IP：1或伺服器端IP：2
5、設置登陸到KDE桌面
註：很多情況下，提示VNC無法連接，或者提示10086錯誤都是沒有修改vncservers文件的問題，所以編輯該文件修改
# VNCSERVERS="1:myusername"
# VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 800x600"
這兩行問題一般都可以解決。
a.
[root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
# # Uncomment the line below to start a VNC server on display :1 # as my 'myusername' (adjust this to your own). You will also # need to set a VNC password; run 'man vncpasswd' to see how # to do that. # # DO NOT RUN THIS SERVICE if your local area network is # untrusted! For a secure way of using VNC, see # <URL:>.http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc/sshvnc.html
# VNCSERVERS="1:myusername"
VNCSERVERS="1:root"
# VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 800x600"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]=」-geometry 800×600 -alwaysshared -depth 24″
-alwaysshared代表允許多用戶同時登錄 -depth代為色深，參數有8,16,24,32。
註：紅色部分就是被修改或增加的部分
b.
[root@centos .vnc]$ vi /root/.vnc/xstartup #!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources xsetroot -solid grey vncconfig -iconic & xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" & #gnome-session & #set starting GNOME desktop startkde &#kde desktop
#twm &
#Text interface
註：紅色部分就是被修改或增加的部分
c.
重啟VNC即可。
vnc安裝 Oracle:
出現錯誤提示：「Xlib: connection to ":1.0" refused by server」
如下處理：
實用技巧：在Linux下設置xhost方法步驟
source:http://www.knowsky.com/397544.html
第一步：用root登陸linux，啟動vnc服務；
第二步：根據vnc起來的埠，設置export DISPLAY=localhost:1（1表示vnc在第一個tty上啟動的），vnc的啟動信息見附件1；
第三步：執行xhost +，並且提示「access control disabled, clients can connect from any host」才正確。
Linux下的操作日誌如下：
[root@localhost ~]# vncserverNew 'localhost:1 (root)' desktop is localhost:1Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartupLog file is /root/.vnc/localhost:1.log[root@localhost ~]# export DISPLAY=localhost:1 [root@localhost ~]# xhost +access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
在設置xhost時，出現了unable的問題。
使用上訴方法就可以搞定。
一下為我以root身份登錄的配置文件
[root@PC-223-CE ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
# The VNCSERVERS variable is a list of display:user pairs.
#
# Uncomment the lines below to start a VNC server on display :2
# as my 'myusername' (adjust this to your own). You will also
# need to set a VNC password; run 'man vncpasswd' to see how
# to do that.
#
# DO NOT RUN THIS SERVICE if your local area network is
# untrusted! For a secure way of using VNC, see
# <URL:http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc/sshvnc.html>.
# VNCSERVERS="2:myusername"
# VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 800x600"
VNCSERVERS="1:root"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 800x600 -alwaysshared -depth 24"
~
[root@PC-223-CE ~]# vi /root/.vnc/xstartup
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
# [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
# [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
# vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
# twm &
gnome-session &
~
更改完後保存，重新啟動VNC即可
3.多個用戶登錄
linux的VNC可以實現多個用戶同時鏈接.方法如下
su 用戶名
vncserver (這里就是第二個用戶了)
第三個用戶是
su 用戶名
vncserver
添加完後需要在/etc/sysconfig/vncserver裡面添加這個用戶,不然就會出現登錄後都是灰色的
另外還需要 修改用戶目錄下的.vnc/xstartup文件
例:我的電腦上已經有一個root用戶,此時我還需要ocmSUSEr這個用戶可以VNC登錄
[root@linuxidc~]# su ocmsuser
[ocmsuser@linuxidcroot]$ vncserver
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
New 'ywei:2 (ocmsuser)' desktop is ywei:2
Creating default startup script /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/ywei:2.log
[ocmsuser@linuxidcroot]$ su - root
Password:
[root@linuxidc~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
The VNCSERVERS variable is a list of display:user pairs.
#
# Uncomment the lines below to start a VNC server on display :2
# as my 'myusername' (adjust this to your own). You will also
# need to set a VNC password; run 'man vncpasswd' to see how
# to do that.
#
# DO NOT RUN THIS SERVICE if your local area network is
# untrusted! For a secure way of using VNC, see
# <URL:http://www.uk.research.att.com/archive/vnc/sshvnc.html>.
# Use "-nolisten tcp" to prevent X connections to your VNC server via TCP.
# Use "-nohttpd" to prevent web-based VNC clients connecting.
# Use "-localhost" to prevent remote VNC clients connecting except when
# doing so through a secure tunnel. See the "-via" option in the
# `man vncviewer' manual page.
VNCSERVERS="1:root"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1280x800 -alwaysshared -depth 24"
VNCSERVERS="2:ocmsuser"
VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 1280x800 -alwaysshared -depth 24"
~
[root@linuxidc~]# cat /root/.vnc/xstartup
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
twm &
[root@linuxidc~]# cat /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
twm &
[root@linuxidc~]# cp /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup.bak
[root@linuxidc~]# cp /root/.vnc/xstartup /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup
cp: overwrite `/home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup'? yes
[root@linuxidc~]# service vncserver restart
Shutting down VNC server: 2:ocmsuser [ OK ]
Starting VNC server: 2:ocmsuser
New 'ywei:2 (ocmsuser)' desktop is ywei:2
Starting applications specified in /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/ocmsuser/.vnc/ywei:2.log
[ OK ]