1. linux鐢ㄦ埛鐩褰曟潈闄恖inux鐢ㄦ埛鐩褰曟潈闄
濡備綍浣誇竴涓狶inux鐨勭敤鎴鋒湁鍒涘緩鐩褰曞拰鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愶紵
寰堢畝鍗曠敤chmod鍛戒護濡傛灉浣犳兂test鍦ㄤ換浣曞湴鏂歸兘鑳藉壋寤烘枃浠剁洰褰曠殑璇濆氨鐩存帴鐢╮oot鐧婚檰chmod777-R/(絎涓涓7鏄鎵鏈夎呮湁璇4錛屽啓2錛屾墽琛1鏉冨埄錛岀浜屼釜7鏄鍚岀粍浜虹涓変釜7鏃跺叾浠栦漢錛宼est綆楁槸鍏朵粬浜猴紝-R鏄瑕嗙洊鐩褰曚笅鎵鏈夊唴瀹逛笉鍔犵殑璇濆彧鏈/鐩褰曚笅鑳7錛/涓嬬殑鍏朵粬鐩褰曞氨涓嶈岋紝/鏄鏍圭洰褰曪紝)
linux鏉冮檺璁劇疆錛
鎿嶄綔姝ラ/鏂規硶
1.榪涘叆linux緋葷粺錛屾寜鐩褰曚緷嬈¤繘鍏ラ渶瑕佽劇疆鏉冮檺鐨勬枃浠躲備富瑕佸懡浠わ細cd錛堝垏鎹㈢洰褰曪級ls錛堟煡鐪嬫枃浠訛級
2.璁劇疆鏂囦歡鏉冮檺鍓嶏紝鍏堟煡鐪嬫枃浠舵潈闄愩傚懡浠わ細ls-lxxx.xxx
3.鎴戜滑鍙浠ョ湅鍒版枃浠剁殑鍏蜂綋鏉冮檺錛屽垎鍒鐢╮錛寃錛寈錛-琛ㄧず瀵瑰簲鏉冮檺銆
4.姣忎竴涓鏉冮檺瀵瑰簲涓涓鐩稿圭殑緇勭粐錛屾瘮濡傛墍鏈夎咃紝緇勶紝鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埛
5.鎺ヤ笅鏉ユ垜浠鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡鏉冮檺錛屽湪linux鍙璇籸鍙鐢4琛ㄧず錛屽彲鍐橶鍙鐢2琛ㄧず錛孹鐢1錛岄偅涔堟枃浠剁殑鏈楂樻潈闄愮瓑浜4+2+1=7錛屼袱涓ゆ垨鑰呬笁涓緇勫悎鍗沖彲璧嬩簣鏂囦歡鍏蜂綋鏉冮檺錛屽懡浠わ細chmod664XXX.XXX
6.璧嬩簣瀹屾垚鎴戜滑鍙鍒╃敤鍛戒護鍐嶆℃煡鐪嬫枃浠舵潈闄愶紝鏁板兼槸鍚﹁窡鎴戜滑璁懼畾鐨勪竴鑷淬
linux涓嬫庝箞鏌ヨ㈡寚瀹氱洰褰曚笅鎵鏈夋枃浠剁殑鏉冮檺錛
鏌ョ湅鏉冮檺鍛戒護鏌ョ湅鐩褰曠殑鐩稿叧鏉冮檺鍙浠ラ噰鐢ㄥ懡浠ls-lD錛屾垨鑰呯洿鎺ョ敤ls-la濡俵s-lopt//榪欓噷琛ㄧず鏌ョ湅opt鐩褰曚慨鏀規潈闄愬懡浠chmod777鏂囦歡鍚
1.chmod577/home/stuser-R
2.umask-p0200
3.chownXXXXYYYY(XXXX涓虹敤鎴峰悕YYYY涓烘枃浠跺悕錛夋潈闄愬垪琛-rw-------(600)鍙鏈夋墍鏈夎呮墠鏈夎誨拰鍐欑殑鏉冮檺-rw-r--r--(644)鍙鏈夋墍鏈夎呮墠鏈夎誨拰鍐欑殑鏉冮檺錛岀粍緹ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧鏈夎葷殑鏉冮檺-rwx------(700)鍙鏈夋墍鏈夎呮墠鏈夎伙紝鍐欙紝鎵ц岀殑鏉冮檺-rwxr-xr-x(755)鍙鏈夋墍鏈夎呮墠鏈夎伙紝鍐欙紝鎵ц岀殑鏉冮檺錛岀粍緹ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧鏈夎誨拰鎵ц岀殑鏉冮檺-rwx--x--x(711)鍙鏈夋墍鏈夎呮墠鏈夎伙紝鍐欙紝鎵ц岀殑鏉冮檺錛岀粍緹ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧鏈夋墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺-rw-rw-rw-(666)姣忎釜浜洪兘鏈夎誨啓鐨勬潈闄-rwxrwxrwx(777)姣忎釜浜洪兘鏈夎誨啓鍜屾墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺
kalilinux褰撲腑鎬庝箞璁劇疆鐢ㄦ埛鏂囦歡鏉冮檺綆＄悊錛
鍙浠ラ氳繃鍛戒護chmod鏉ヨ劇疆鐢ㄦ埛鏂囦歡鏉冮檺綆＄悊銆
2. Linux鐢ㄦ埛浠ュ強鏉冮檺鐩稿叧甯哥敤鍛戒護鎬葷粨
涓銆佹煡鐪嬭韓浠
id錛欴isplay user identity.
榪欎釜鍛戒護鐨勮緭鍑轟細鏄劇ずuid錛実id鍜岀敤鎴鋒墍灞炵殑緇勩
uid鍗硊ser ID錛岃繖鏄璐︽埛鍒涘緩鏃惰璧嬩簣鐨勩
gid鏄痯rimary group ID錛屾槸涓昏佺殑緇勭殑id銆傚綋鐒惰繖涓鐢ㄦ埛涔熷彲浠ュ睘浜庡叾浠栨洿澶氱殑緇勩
鐢ㄦ埛璐︽埛淇℃伅琚瀹氫箟鍦 /etc/passwd鏂囦歡涓錛岀粍淇℃伅琚瀹氫箟鍦/etc/group鏂囦歡涓銆
浜屻乧hmod
鍛戒護鍚嶇О錛歝hmod
鍛戒護鑻辨枃鍘熸剰錛歝hange the permissions mode of a file
鍛戒護鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰勶細/bin/chmod
璇娉曪細chmod [{ugo}{+-=}{rwx}][鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰昡[mode=421][鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰昡
鍔熻兘鎻忚堪錛氭敼鍙樻枃浠舵垨鐩褰曟潈闄愩
鐢ㄦ埛綾誨瀷錛
u錛歶ser錛屽疄闄呬笂鎸囨墍鏈夎
g錛歡roup鎵灞炵粍
o錛歰thers鍏朵粬浜
a錛歛ll鎵鏈変漢錛屽嵆ugo鐨勭粍鍚堬紝濡傛灉涓嶆寚瀹氱敤鎴風被鍨嬶紝榛樿ゆ槸all銆
+澧炲姞鏉冮檺錛-鍘繪帀鏉冮檺錛=鐩存帴璧嬩簣鏉冮檺
r鍙璇伙紝w鍙鍐欙紝x鍙鎵ц屻
鍏蜂綋瀵規枃浠跺拰鏂囦歡澶規湁涓嶅悓鎰忎箟錛屾瘮濡備竴涓鍙玠oc鐨勬枃浠訛紝緇欐墍鏈夎呭姞涓妛x鏉冮檺錛歝hmod u+wx doc
涓夈佺敤鏁板瓧琛ㄧず鏉冮檺
澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜
浠ｇ爜濡備笅:
r-4
w-2
x-1
灝嗘瘡涓緇勭殑鏉冮檺鏁板瓧鍔犺搗鏉ヤ綔涓烘暣緇勭殑鏉冮檺錛屾瘮濡傦細
rwx鏄7錛宺-x鏄5錛宺--鏄4
閭ｄ箞rwxr-xr--鍙浠ヨ〃紺轟負754
姣旇緝甯哥敤鐨勬暟瀛楋細7 (rwx), 6 (rw-), 5 (r-x), 4 (r--), 0 (---)
鍥涖乽mask鍛戒護
umask鍛戒護鍔熻兘錛氭樉紺恆佽劇疆鏂囦歡鐨勭己鐪佹潈闄愩
umask鍛戒護璇娉曪細umask [-S]
-S錛氫互rwx褰㈠紡鏄劇ず鏂板緩鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曠殑緙虹渷鏉冮檺銆
鎵ц寀mask錛
鏄劇ず0022
絎涓涓0錛氱壒孌婃潈闄愪綅
022鐢ㄦ埛鏉冮檺浣嶏紝鏉冮檺鎺╃爜鍊箋
闇瑕佺敤777鍑忓幓022錛屽緱鍒755錛屼笁涓鏁板瓧鍒嗗埆琛ㄧずugo(user,group,others)鐨勬潈闄愩
umask 鈥揝錛
u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx
Linux鏉冮檺瑙勫垯錛
緙虹渷鍒涘緩鐨勬枃浠朵笉鑳芥巿浜堝彲鎵ц寈鏉冮檺錛岃繖鐐規槸涓轟簡瀹夊叏鐫鎯籌紝鏂囦歡榛樿ゆ槸涓嶈兘鎵ц岀殑銆
鍙浠ョ敤umask鏀瑰彉榛樿ゆ潈闄愶紝鐢╱mask鍔犱笂鎺╃爜鍊肩殑褰㈠紡銆
姣斿傛兂鎶婃潈闄愭敼涓750錛岃佺敤777鍑忓幓750錛屽強umask 027鍛戒護銆
浜斻佹敼鍙樿韓浠紺hanging Identities
鍦↙inux涓鍙浠ョ敤涓夌嶆柟寮忔敼鍙樿嚜宸卞綋鍓嶇殑韜浠斤細
1.鐧誨嚭錛岀劧鍚庣敤鍙︿竴涓璐﹀彿鐧誨叆(鈥orz鈥)銆
2.浣跨敤su鍛戒護銆
3.浣跨敤sudo鍛戒護銆
A:su
su錛歊un a Shell with Substitute User and Group IDs.
su [-[l]] [user]
濡傛灉浣跨敤浜-l閫夐」(緇忓父琚綆鍐欎負-)錛岀粨鏋滃氨鏄涓涓猯ogin shell銆
鎰忔濇槸鐢ㄦ埛user鐨勭幆澧冧細琚杞藉叆錛屽綋鍓嶇殑宸ヤ綔璺寰勪細琚鎹涓鴻繖涓鐢ㄦ埛鐨刪ome璺寰勩傚傛灉娌℃湁鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛錛岄粯璁ゆ槸superuser銆
褰撴墽琛宻u 鈥撲箣鍚庯紝闇瑕佽緭鍏superuser鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝杈撳叆鎴愬姛涔嬪悗錛屼細寮鍚涓涓鏂扮殑shell錛屽懡浠ゆ彁紺虹﹀皢浼氬彉涓#(涔嬪墠鏄$)錛屽苟涓斿綋鍓嶇殑宸ヤ綔鐩褰曞彉涓簊uperuser鐨刪ome鐩褰(/root)錛岀粨鏉熷悗濡傛灉瑕侀鍑猴紝杈撳叆exit錛屽氨浼氬洖鍒頒箣鍓嶇殑shell銆
涔熷彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ墽琛屼竴鏉″懡浠わ細
澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜
浠ｇ爜濡備笅:
su 鈥揷 鈥榗ommand鈥
闇瑕佹妸鍛戒護鏀懼湪寮曞彿閲岋紝浠ヤ綔鍖哄垎銆
B:sudo
sudo錛欵xecute a Command as Another User.
sudo鍜宻u綾諱技錛屾湁涓浜涢檮鍔犵殑灞炴э紝綆＄悊鍛樺彲浠ラ厤緗畇udo錛屽湪鑹濂界殑鎺у埗涓嬶紝璁╂櫘閫氱敤鎴蜂互涓嶅悓鐨勮韓浠芥墽琛屽懡浠ゃ
涓涓鐢ㄦ埛鍙鑳借闄愬埗鍦ㄤ竴浜涚壒瀹氱殑鍛戒護涓錛屼笉鑳芥墽琛屽叾浠栥
鍙︿竴涓涓嶅悓灝辨槸sudo涓嶈佹眰鐭ラ亾superuser鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝鍙闇瑕佺煡閬撳綋鍓嶇敤鎴風殑瀵嗙爜錛岃緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佸悗錛屽畬鎴愯よ瘉錛宻udo涓嶄細鏂板紑涓涓猻hell錛屼篃涓嶄細杞藉叆鍙︿竴涓鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭幆澧冿紝鍛戒護涔熶笉闇瑕佽寮曞彿鎷璧鋒潵銆傝繖縐嶈屼負鍙浠ラ氳繃鍚勭嶉夐」瑕嗗啓錛屽彲浠ユ煡鐪媠udo鐨刴an page銆
sudo 鈥搇鍙浠ユ煡鐪媠udo鎵璧嬩簣鐨勬潈闄愩
鍏銆佹敼鍙樻墍鏈夎呭拰鎵灞炵粍
鏀瑰彉鎵鏈夎咃細chown
鍛戒護鑻辨枃鍘熸剰錛歝hange file ownership
璇娉曪細chown [鐢ㄦ埛] [鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰昡
鍔熻兘錛氭敼鍙樻枃浠舵垨鐩褰曠殑鎵鏈夎呫
鏀瑰彉鎵灞炵粍錛歝hgrp
鍛戒護鑻辨枃鍘熸剰錛歝hange file group ownership
璇娉曪細chown [鐢ㄦ埛緇刔 [鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰昡
鍔熻兘錛氭敼鍙樻枃浠舵垨鐩褰曠殑鎵灞炵粍銆
chown鍛戒護涔熷彲浠ョ敤浜庢敼鍙樻墍灞炵粍銆
澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜
浠ｇ爜濡備笅:
chown [owner][:[group]] file...
涓冦佹洿鏀瑰瘑鐮
passwd [user]
閲嶇疆瀵嗙爜鏃訛紝闇瑕佽緭鍏ユ棫鐨勫瘑鐮併
濡傛灉浣犳湁superuser鐨勬潈闄愶紝浣犺繕鍙浠ヨ劇疆鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮併
鍙︿竴浜涢夐」鍙浠ヨ劇疆璐︽埛閿佸畾錛屽瘑鐮佽繃鏈熺瓑錛岃︾粏淇℃伅鍙浠ユ煡鐪媝asswd鐨刴an page銆