① 编译原理文法分析
改完了,能文法分析出来了!!
大概 跟你说下 你的错误吧:
出错地点:
1.声明的stack[50]没有初始化;
2.stack的入栈是错误的,按照你的方式,如果原来有TM,再加入T->FN,则M就被挤出来了.(这里很关键,你对照我给你改的再看看)
3.s指针在你入栈操作以后并没有指向栈顶,而是保持了不变,这肯定是有问题的.(传入push函数的时候直接传参数s就好了.)
4.if(*s==*p){***}else{}的else的右括号管辖的范围 有错误
不嫌弃的话,可以去http://blog.csdn.net/fangguanya,我的BLOG,不怎么充实,呵呵,有这个程序的运行结果的. 谢谢 呵呵.
总之你对照我给你改的再看看吧. 我把我的测试输出 也给保留了.你好对照点.
(PS.我用的vs2005,用的时候你改下头申明,其他一样)
// grammar.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
char * spush(char *stack,char *pt);
bool analyse(char *p);
void main()
{
//将分析串存放在二维数组中
char input[5][10]={"i+i#",
"i*(i+i)#",
"i*i+i#",
"i+*#",
"+i*i#"};
bool flag; //定义一个布尔型的标记量
for(int h=0;h<5;++h)
{
flag=analyse(input[h]);
if(flag) cout<<"恭喜你！"<<input[h]<<"语法分析成功，合法！"<<endl;
else cout<<"对不起！"<<input[h]<<"语法分析失败，非法！"<<endl;
}
int aaa;
cin>>aaa;
}
//定义各一将串逆序入栈的函数
char * spush(char *stack,char *pt)
{
int l=0;
//while循环的作用是将指针指向字符串的末尾，然后再由后向前入栈，从而实现逆序
while(*pt!='\0')
{
pt++;
l++;
}
if (*stack == '#')
{
stack++;
}
while(l)
{
pt--;
char cTempIntoStack = (*pt);
*stack=cTempIntoStack;
stack++;
l--;
}
stack--; //由于前面向前加了一位,要返回
////////////////
return stack;
///////////////////////////////////
}
/*LL(1)分析表
i + * ( ) #
E TM +TM
F i (E)
M TM e e
N e *FN e e
T FN FN
*/
//分析函数
bool analyse(char *p){
char analyseTable[5][6][4]={
"TM", "", "", "TM", "", "",
"i", "", "", "(E)", "", "",
"", "+TM", "", "", "e", "e",
"", "e", "*FN", "", "e", "e",
"FN", "", "", "TN", "", ""
};
char *stack = new char[50]; //定义一个栈空间
for (int iStack = 0;iStack<50 ;iStack++)
{
stack[iStack] = 0;
}
char *s=stack; //用指针*s指向栈的起始地址
*s='#'; //将“#”入栈
s++; //指针加1
*s='E'; //将“E”入栈
//下面的while循环实现字符串的词法分析操作
int count = 0;
while(*s!='#' || *p!='#'){
count++;
char * temp = s;
cout<<"NO."<<count<<endl;
cout<<"STACK"<<endl;
while (*temp != '#')
{
cout<<*temp<<" ";
temp--;
}
cout<<endl;
int x,y;
//若果栈顶数据和分析串的字符匹配，则将符号栈的栈顶数据出栈（即将栈顶指针减1）
if(*s==*p){
cout<<"Before :"<<*s<<endl;
s--;
p++;
cout<<"After :"<<*s<<endl;
}
//当符号栈和分析串的字符不匹配时，查分析表
else {
switch(*s){
case 'E':x=0;break;
case 'F':x=1;break;
case 'M':x=2;break;
case 'N':x=3;break;
case 'T':x=4;break;
default:return false;
}
switch(*p){
case 'i':y=0;break;
case '+':y=1;break;
case '*':y=2;break;
case '(':y=3;break;
case ')':y=4;break;
case '#':y=5;break;
default:return false;
}
//若果对应的为空，则分析串非法，退出
if(analyseTable[x][y][0]=='\0') return false;
//若查表所对应的为'e'，则将符号栈的栈顶数据出栈
else if(analyseTable[x][y][0]=='e') s--;
//其它，这时将查表所得的项逆序入符号栈
else {
s=spush(s,analyseTable[x][y]);
}
}
}
return true; //分析成功，返回
}
② 编译原理课程设计
%{
/* FILENAME: C.Y */
%}
#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) /* our lexer loads this up each time */
#define YYDEBUG 1 /* get the pretty debugging code to compile*/
#define YYSTYPE char * /* interface with flex: should be in header file */
/* Define terminal tokens */
/* keywords */
%token AUTO DOUBLE INT STRUCT
%token BREAK ELSE LONG SWITCH
%token CASE ENUM REGISTER TYPEDEF
%token CHAR EXTERN RETURN UNION
%token CONST FLOAT SHORT UNSIGNED
%token CONTINUE FOR SIGNED VOID
%token DEFAULT GOTO SIZEOF VOLATILE
%token DO IF STATIC WHILE
/* ANSI Grammar suggestions */
%token IDENTIFIER STRINGliteral
%token FLOATINGconstant INTEGERconstant CHARACTERconstant
%token OCTALconstant HEXconstant
/* New Lexical element, whereas ANSI suggested non-terminal */
%token TYPEDEFname /* Lexer will tell the difference between this and
an identifier! An identifier that is CURRENTLY in scope as a
typedef name is provided to the parser as a TYPEDEFname.*/
/* Multi-Character operators */
%token ARROW /* -> */
%token ICR DECR /* ++ -- */
%token LS RS /* << >> */
%token LE GE EQ NE /* <= >= == != */
%token ANDAND OROR /* && || */
%token ELLIPSIS /* ... */
/* modifying assignment operators */
%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign /* *= /= %= */
%token PLUSassign MINUSassign /* += -= */
%token LSassign RSassign /* <<= >>= */
%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign /* &= ^= |= */
%start translation_unit
%%
/* CONSTANTS */
constant:
INTEGERconstant
| FLOATINGconstant
/* We are not including ENUMERATIONconstant here because we
are treating it like a variable with a type of "enumeration
constant". */
| OCTALconstant
| HEXconstant
| CHARACTERconstant
;
string_literal_list:
STRINGliteral
| string_literal_list STRINGliteral
;
/************************* EXPRESSIONS ********************************/
primary_expression:
IDENTIFIER /* We cannot use a typedef name as a variable */
| constant
| string_literal_list
| '(' comma_expression ')'
;
postfix_expression:
primary_expression
| postfix_expression '[' comma_expression ']'
| postfix_expression '(' ')'
| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
| postfix_expression {} '.' member_name
| postfix_expression {} ARROW member_name
| postfix_expression ICR
| postfix_expression DECR
;
member_name:
IDENTIFIER
| TYPEDEFname
;
argument_expression_list:
assignment_expression
| argument_expression_list ',' assignment_expression
;
unary_expression:
postfix_expression
| ICR unary_expression
| DECR unary_expression
| unary_operator cast_expression
| SIZEOF unary_expression
| SIZEOF '(' type_name ')'
;
unary_operator:
'&'
| '*'
| '+'
| '-'
| '~'
| '!'
;
cast_expression:
unary_expression
| '(' type_name ')' cast_expression
;
multiplicative_expression:
cast_expression
| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
;
additive_expression:
multiplicative_expression
| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
;
shift_expression:
additive_expression
| shift_expression LS additive_expression
| shift_expression RS additive_expression
;
relational_expression:
shift_expression
| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
| relational_expression LE shift_expression
| relational_expression GE shift_expression
;
equality_expression:
relational_expression
| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
| equality_expression NE relational_expression
;
AND_expression:
equality_expression
| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
;
exclusive_OR_expression:
AND_expression
| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
;
inclusive_OR_expression:
exclusive_OR_expression
| inclusive_OR_expression '|' exclusive_OR_expression
;
logical_AND_expression:
inclusive_OR_expression
| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
;
logical_OR_expression:
logical_AND_expression
| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
;
conditional_expression:
logical_OR_expression
| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':'
conditional_expression
;
assignment_expression:
conditional_expression
| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
;
assignment_operator:
'='
| MULTassign
| DIVassign
| MODassign
| PLUSassign
| MINUSassign
| LSassign
| RSassign
| ANDassign
| ERassign
| ORassign
;
comma_expression:
assignment_expression
| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
;
constant_expression:
conditional_expression
;
/* The following was used for clarity */
comma_expression_opt:
/* Nothing */
| comma_expression
;
/******************************* DECLARATIONS *********************************/
/* The following is different from the ANSI C specified grammar.
The changes were made to disambiguate typedef's presence in
declaration_specifiers (vs. in the declarator for redefinition);
to allow struct/union/enum tag declarations without declarators,
and to better reflect the parsing of declarations (declarators
must be combined with declaration_specifiers ASAP so that they
are visible in scope).
Example of typedef use as either a declaration_specifier or a
declarator:
typedef int T;
struct S { T T;}; /* redefinition of T as member name * /
Example of legal and illegal statements detected by this grammar:
int; /* syntax error: vacuous declaration * /
struct S; /* no error: tag is defined or elaborated * /
Example of result of proper declaration binding:
int a=sizeof(a); /* note that "a" is declared with a type in
the name space BEFORE parsing the initializer * /
int b, c[sizeof(b)]; /* Note that the first declarator "b" is
declared with a type BEFORE the second declarator is
parsed * /
*/
declaration:
sue_declaration_specifier ';'
| sue_type_specifier ';'
| declaring_list ';'
| default_declaring_list ';'
;
/* Note that if a typedef were redeclared, then a declaration
specifier must be supplied */
default_declaring_list: /* Can't redeclare typedef names */
declaration_qualifier_list identifier_declarator {} initializer_opt
| type_qualifier_list identifier_declarator {} initializer_opt
| default_declaring_list ',' identifier_declarator {} initializer_opt
;
declaring_list:
declaration_specifier declarator {} initializer_opt
| type_specifier declarator {} initializer_opt
| declaring_list ',' declarator {} initializer_opt
;
declaration_specifier:
basic_declaration_specifier /* Arithmetic or void */
| sue_declaration_specifier /* struct/union/enum */
| typedef_declaration_specifier /* typedef*/
;
type_specifier:
basic_type_specifier /* Arithmetic or void */
| sue_type_specifier /* Struct/Union/Enum */
| typedef_type_specifier /* Typedef */
;
declaration_qualifier_list: /* const/volatile, AND storage class */
storage_class
| type_qualifier_list storage_class
| declaration_qualifier_list declaration_qualifier
;
type_qualifier_list:
type_qualifier
| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
;
declaration_qualifier:
storage_class
| type_qualifier /* const or volatile */
;
type_qualifier:
CONST
| VOLATILE
;
basic_declaration_specifier: /*Storage Class+Arithmetic or void*/
declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_name
| basic_type_specifier storage_class
| basic_declaration_specifier declaration_qualifier
| basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name
;
basic_type_specifier:
basic_type_name /* Arithmetic or void */
| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
| basic_type_specifier type_qualifier
| basic_type_specifier basic_type_name
;
sue_declaration_specifier: /* Storage Class + struct/union/enum */
declaration_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
| sue_type_specifier storage_class
| sue_declaration_specifier declaration_qualifier
;
sue_type_specifier:
elaborated_type_name /* struct/union/enum */
| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
;
typedef_declaration_specifier: /*Storage Class + typedef types */
typedef_type_specifier storage_class
| declaration_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
| typedef_declaration_specifier declaration_qualifier
;
typedef_type_specifier: /* typedef types */
TYPEDEFname
| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
;
storage_class:
TYPEDEF
| EXTERN
| STATIC
| AUTO
| REGISTER
;
basic_type_name:
INT
| CHAR
| SHORT
| LONG
| FLOAT
| DOUBLE
| SIGNED
| UNSIGNED
| VOID
;
elaborated_type_name:
aggregate_name
| enum_name
;
aggregate_name:
aggregate_key '{' member_declaration_list '}'
| aggregate_key identifier_or_typedef_name
'{' member_declaration_list '}'
| aggregate_key identifier_or_typedef_name
;
③ 有人知道编译原理实验之词法分析器用C++怎么做吗
#include "globals.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "scan.h"
#include "parse.h"
static TokenType token; /* holds current token */
/* function prototypes for recursive calls */
static TreeNode * stmt_sequence(void);
static TreeNode * statement(void);
static TreeNode * if_stmt(void);
static TreeNode * repeat_stmt(void);
static TreeNode * assign_stmt(void);
static TreeNode * read_stmt(void);
static TreeNode * write_stmt(void);
static TreeNode * exp(void);
static TreeNode * simple_exp(void);
static TreeNode * term(void);
static TreeNode * factor(void);
static void syntaxError(char * message)
{ fprintf(listing,"\n>>> ");
fprintf(listing,"Syntax error at line %d: %s",lineno,message);
Error = TRUE;
}
static void match(TokenType expected)
{ if (token == expected) token = getToken();
else {
syntaxError("unexpected token -> ");
printToken(token,tokenString);
fprintf(listing," ");
}
}
TreeNode * stmt_sequence(void)
{ TreeNode * t = statement();
TreeNode * p = t;
while ((token!=ENDFILE) && (token!=END) &&
(token!=ELSE) && (token!=UNTIL))
{ TreeNode * q;
match(SEMI);
q = statement();
if (q!=NULL) {
if (t==NULL) t = p = q;
else /* now p cannot be NULL either */
{ p->sibling = q;
p = q;
}
}
}
return t;
}
TreeNode * statement(void)
{ TreeNode * t = NULL;
switch (token) {
case IF : t = if_stmt(); break;
case REPEAT : t = repeat_stmt(); break;
case ID : t = assign_stmt(); break;
case READ : t = read_stmt(); break;
case WRITE : t = write_stmt(); break;
default : syntaxError("unexpected token -> ");
printToken(token,tokenString);
token = getToken();
break;
} /* end case */
return t;
}
TreeNode * if_stmt(void)
{ TreeNode * t = newStmtNode(IfK);
match(IF);
if (t!=NULL) t->child[0] = exp();
match(THEN);
if (t!=NULL) t->child[1] = stmt_sequence();
if (token==ELSE) {
match(ELSE);
if (t!=NULL) t->child[2] = stmt_sequence();
}
match(END);
return t;
}
TreeNode * repeat_stmt(void)
{ TreeNode * t = newStmtNode(RepeatK);
match(REPEAT);
if (t!=NULL) t->child[0] = stmt_sequence();
match(UNTIL);
if (t!=NULL) t->child[1] = exp();
return t;
}
TreeNode * assign_stmt(void)
{ TreeNode * t = newStmtNode(AssignK);
if ((t!=NULL) && (token==ID))
t->attr.name = String(tokenString);
match(ID);
match(ASSIGN);
if (t!=NULL) t->child[0] = exp();
return t;
}
TreeNode * read_stmt(void)
{ TreeNode * t = newStmtNode(ReadK);
match(READ);
if ((t!=NULL) && (token==ID))
t->attr.name = String(tokenString);
match(ID);
return t;
}
TreeNode * write_stmt(void)
{ TreeNode * t = newStmtNode(WriteK);
match(WRITE);
if (t!=NULL) t->child[0] = exp();
return t;
}
TreeNode * exp(void)
{ TreeNode * t = simple_exp();
if ((token==LT)||(token==EQ)) {
TreeNode * p = newExpNode(OpK);
if (p!=NULL) {
p->child[0] = t;
p->attr.op = token;
t = p;
}
match(token);
if (t!=NULL)
t->child[1] = simple_exp();
}
return t;
}
TreeNode * simple_exp(void)
{ TreeNode * t = term();
while ((token==PLUS)||(token==MINUS))
{ TreeNode * p = newExpNode(OpK);
if (p!=NULL) {
p->child[0] = t;
p->attr.op = token;
t = p;
match(token);
t->child[1] = term();
}
}
return t;
}
TreeNode * term(void)
{ TreeNode * t = factor();
while ((token==TIMES)||(token==OVER))
{ TreeNode * p = newExpNode(OpK);
if (p!=NULL) {
p->child[0] = t;
p->attr.op = token;
t = p;
match(token);
p->child[1] = factor();
}
}
return t;
}
TreeNode * factor(void)
{ TreeNode * t = NULL;
switch (token) {
case NUM :
t = newExpNode(ConstK);
if ((t!=NULL) && (token==NUM))
t->attr.val = atoi(tokenString);
match(NUM);
break;
case ID :
t = newExpNode(IdK);
if ((t!=NULL) && (token==ID))
t->attr.name = String(tokenString);
match(ID);
break;
case LPAREN :
match(LPAREN);
t = exp();
match(RPAREN);
break;
default:
syntaxError("unexpected token -> ");
printToken(token,tokenString);
token = getToken();
break;
}
return t;
}
/****************************************/
/* the primary function of the parser */
/****************************************/
/* Function parse returns the newly
* constructed syntax tree
*/
TreeNode * parse(void)
{ TreeNode * t;
token = getToken();
t = stmt_sequence();
if (token!=ENDFILE)
syntaxError("Code ends before file\n");
return t;
}
上面是一个语法分析器的主代码部分它可以识别类似下面的代码，但是由于篇幅有限，上面的代码不是完整代码，完整代码太长，还有好几个文件。
read x; { input an integer }
if 0 < x then { don't compute if x <= 0 }
fact := 1;
repeat
fact := fact * x;
x := x - 1
until x = 0;
write fact { output factorial of x }
end