中国发明出来有重大意义的编译器

⑴ 请问，编译软件最早是由谁发明出来的

Grave of Grace

后记

Grace Hopper是个非常amazing的人 (常被称为Amazing Grace)，崇拜她的人相当多。虽然她的事迹很多，但是还有很多有类似事迹的人并没有像她这样受到众人的崇拜。由其中一点我们可以看出来：从1947年开始 (二战结束后第二年)，她获得了第一个荣誉博士学位 (宾州大学)，从那以后，她先后被40多所大学授予荣誉博士学位，其中包括芝加哥大学、华盛顿大学、马里兰大学等知名学府。各种妇女社会团体和学术组织都曾授予Grace各种称号和奖励。1991年，布什总统在白宫授予她的“美国国家技术奖” (National Medal of Technology) 是其中的最高奖项，她也是至今惟一获此殊荣的美国女性。她的名言有很多，她自己最喜欢的，也是她最喜欢对所谓的“年轻人”说的 (在她年老时，她所谓的年轻人就是“年龄不到我的一半的人就叫做年轻人”)，这句话是：

“A ship in port is safe, but that is not what ships are built for.”

语录

下面Grace的语录中有几句比较有意思的话。

• From then on, when anything went wrong with a computer, we said it had bugs in it.

• The most dangerous phrase in the language is, “We’ve always done it this way.”

• Humans are allergic to change. They love to say, “We’ve always done it this way.” I try to fight that. That’s why I have a clock on my wall that runs counter-clockwise.

• Leadership is a two-way street, loyalty up and loyalty down. Respect for one’s superiors; care for one’s crew.

• One accurate measurement is worth a thousand expert opinions.

• Someday, on the corporate balance sheet, there will be an entry which reads, “Information”; For in most cases, the information is more valuable than the hardware which processes it.

• We’re flooding people with information. We need to feed it through a processor. A human must turn information into intelligence or knowledge. We’ve tended to forget that no computer will ever ask a new question.

• To me programming is more than an important practical art. It is also a gigantic undertaking in the foundations of knowledge.

• They told me computers could only do arithmetic.

• In pioneer days they used oxen for heavy pulling, and when one ox couldn’t budge a log, they didn’t try to grow a larger ox. We shouldn’t be trying for bigger computers, but for more systems of computers.

• Life was simple before World War II. After that, we had systems.

• We went overboard on management and forgot about leadership. It might help if we ran the MBAs out of Washington.

• At any given moment, there is always a line representing what your boss will believe. If you step over it, you will not get your budget. Go as close to that line as you can.

• I seem to do a lot of retiring.

• I handed my passport to the immigration officer, and he looked at it and looked at me and said, “What are you?”

参考

维基网络：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper

国立中央大学数学系：
http://li.math.ncu.e.tw/bcc16/pool/3.06.shtml

耶鲁大学计算机系：
http://cs-www.cs.yale.e/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html

计算机先驱：
http://202.207.0.245:9001/jisuanjifazhanshi/xianqu/18.htm

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