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发布时间:2023-01-07 11:50:05

⑴ 《TheTheoryofLearninginGames》pdf下载在线阅读,求百度网盘云资源

《The Theory of Learning in Games》(Drew Fudenberg)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

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书名:The Theory of Learning in Games

作者:Drew Fudenberg

出版社:The MIT Press

出版年份:1998-05-22

页数:292

内容简介:

In economics, most noncooperative game theory has focused on equilibrium in games, especially Nash equilibrium and its refinements.

作者简介:

朱·弗登伯格(Drew Fudenberg),哈佛大学经济系教授。1981年毕业于麻省理工学院,获得经济学博士学位。主要研究领域为博弈论和动态经济学。曾在加州大学伯克利分校、麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学和法国图卢兹大学任教。

⑵ “基因”(Gene)一词是怎么来的| 商周专栏

1.24

知识分子

The Intellectual


“基因”(Gene)一词的发明和翻译堪称完美 | 图源:pixabay.com


导 读

基因所代表的物质在生命中至关重要,它的发现是科学史一个伟大的里程碑。“基因” 这个词的发明和翻译也堪称完美。

旅德免疫学学者、《知识分子》专栏作者商周,在本文介绍了基因(Gene)一词的由来。


撰文 | 商周

责编 | 陈晓雪



对科学名词的翻译的方式有两种,一种是意译 (根据含义来翻译) ,另一种是音译 (根据读音来翻译) 。能在意译和音译上都达标则效果更佳,但这样的名词极少,一个难得的例子是 “基因” (Gene) 。


把 “Gene” 翻译成基因,在含义和读音方面都达到了要求,相比其它广为人知的生物学名词 (比如细胞(Cell)、器官(Organ)、组织(Tissue)) 的翻译,明显要更胜一筹。


那么,“基因” (Gene) 这个词是如何来的呢?


孟德尔的 “天性”(Anlage)和 “因子”(Elemente)


词汇不是凭空出现的,只有当人们需要描述一个新鲜事物的时候,创造一个新的名词才成为必要。“基因” 这个名词的起源,也就是人类首次意识到基因这个物质存在的时候。第一个意识到基因这种物质存在的人,正是发现了遗传学法则的孟德尔,但他并没有为它去创造一个新的名词。


1854年到1863年,孟德尔利用22种不同的豌豆品种进行杂交实验,发现豌豆不同的性状 (比如种子颜色、形状,豆荚颜色、形状等) 是由不同遗传物质控制的,这些遗传物质来自父母双方,而且来自父母双方的遗传物质在产生生殖细胞时会发生分离。现在我们知道,这些遗传物质就是基因。但在只有普通光学显微镜的十九世纪,人们对生命的认知还停留在细胞水平,虽然知道了细胞核的存在,但并不知道染色体,更不知道DNA。


面对控制豌豆性状的神秘遗传物质,孟德尔在他的《植物杂交实验》论文里采用了两个不同的词来描述 [1] 。


在论文结果部分的 “杂交种的生殖细胞” 单元,开头一段有如下描述:


图1 孟德尔《植物杂交实验》论文截图 | 图源:biopersitylibrary


“ ……就经验而言,我们发现每一种情况下都证实,只有在卵细胞和受精花粉具有相同的 天性 (Anlage)时才能形成不变的后代,正如纯种植株的正常受精一样…….”


德语 “Anlage” 一词有七种含义 (包括创造、投资、设施、装置、结构、天性、材料) ,在孟德尔上面的文字里,翻译成 “天性” 可能相对贴切一些。在这里,孟德尔用 “天性” (Anlage) 这个词来描述豌豆花粉细胞和卵细胞里含有的遗传物质,因为这一段之前论文已经描述了单个和多个性状杂交的情况,这里的遗传物质并不是指单个基因,而是多个基因或者是整个生殖细胞里的所有遗传物质。


有趣的是, “天性” (Anlage) 这个词孟德尔在整篇文章里只使用了这一次。等到文章的结语部分讨论控制性状的遗传物质的时候,他用了另外一个名词 “Elemente”,而且用了10次之多。Elemente有三种不同的含义:基本成分、特质、因子。从孟德尔论文的语境来看,这里的 “Elemente” 翻译成 “因子” 更合适一些。


图2 孟德尔《植物杂交实验》论文截图 | 图源:biopersitylibrary.


而这里的 “因子” (Elemente) 的具体含义,可以通过论文的这一段文字判断出来。


“对于那些后代存在变化的杂交种,我们也许可以假设,在卵细胞和花粉细胞的差异 因子 之间发生了某种协调,以至于作为杂交种基础的细胞的形成成为可能;但尽管如此,不同 因子 之间的平衡只是暂时的,并没有持续到杂交植物的整个生命中。由于植物的习性在整个植被期没有变化,我们必须进一步假设,只有当生殖细胞发育时,差异 因子 才有可能从强制结合中解放出来。在这些细胞的形成过程中,所有现有的 因子 都参与了一个完全自由和平等的分配,只有这样它们才会相互分离。这样一来,所产生的卵细胞和花粉的类型在数量上就和 因子 所可能形成的组合一样多。”


从这一段文字来看,孟德尔不仅谈到了来自父母的差异 “因子” (Elemente) 的分离,也谈到了不同 “因子” 的组合。所以,这里的 “因子” 指的就是单个的基因。而上面的 “天性” (Anlage) 指的则是细胞内整个的遗传物质。正是因为这一微妙的差异,孟德尔选择了两个不同的单词进行描述。


尽管孟德尔用了这两个词对遗传物质在整体层面和单个基因层面进行描述,但因为其经典论文《植物杂交实验》长期被忽视,这两个词就更不可能走进人们的视野。直到1900年,荷兰植物学家胡戈-德弗里斯 (Hugo de Vries) 、德国植物学家卡尔-科伦斯 (Carl Correns) 以及瑞士植物学家埃里克·切尔马克 (Erich Tschermark) 分别在《德国植物协会通报》 ( Ber. der Deutschen Bot. Gesellsch. ) 上发表关于植物杂交的研究论文,各自独立地部分重现了孟德尔的发现 [2-4] 。在这三个 “孟德尔的发现者” (注:学界对三人在这一主题上的贡献有争议,这里不仔细讨论) 里,有两人也对 因子 (Elemente) 这种神秘的物质进行了描述。


科伦斯的 “天性”(Analge)


科伦斯1864年出生在德国慕尼黑, 28岁那年在德国图宾根大学获得植物学讲师职位,并在那里花了六年的时间进行植物杂交实验,重现了孟德尔的部分结果。在 “孟德尔的发现者” 的三人中,科伦斯对孟德尔的发现最为了解。他1900年发表在《德国植物协会通报》上的论文,标题就是《关于品种杂交后代行为的孟德尔法则》 [3] 。


在这篇论文里,科伦斯详细地讨论到控制性状的遗传物质。有趣的是,科伦斯用的词是 “天性” (Anlage) , 而不是 “因子” (Elemente) ,而且整篇论文里一共提了22次。比如,在下面这段文字里:


图3 科伦斯《关于品种杂交后代行为的孟德尔法则》论文截图 | 图源:biopersitylibrary


“为了解释这些事实,我们必须假设(就像孟德尔那样),在生殖核融合之后,一个性状,即隐性性状(在我们的例子中为绿色)的 天性 被另一个性状,即显性性状所抑制,因此所有的胚胎都是黄色。然而,虽然隐性性状的 天性 ‘潜伏’ 着,但在生殖核的最终形成之前,两种性状的 天性 完全分离,所以一半的生殖核接受隐性 天性 ,即绿色;另一半接受显性 天性 ,即黄色……”


从文中的语境来看,科伦斯用 “天性” 描述的其实是控制性状的单个基因,而不是所有遗传物质的总和。所以,他虽然用的是 “天性” 这个词,但和孟德尔用的 “因子” 这个词一样,代表的都是基因。科伦斯之所以选择 “天性” ,而没有使用 “因子” ,一个可能的原因是受他的导师慕尼黑大学植物学家卡尔·威廉·冯·内格里 (Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli) 的影响。就在科伦斯进入慕尼黑大学的前一年 (1884年) ,内格里发表了他的巨着《生命进化的机械生理学理论》 ( Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre ) ,里面谈到遗传物质的时候,使用的就是 “天性” (Anlage) 这一名词。但信奉融合遗传的内格里用 “天性” (Anlage) 一词描述的不是基因,而是整体上的遗传物质。


无论是孟德尔,还是科伦斯,两人都清楚地意识到基因这种物质的存在,但并没有为它去创造一个新的名词,而是试着用已经存在的名词对其进行描述。


真正尝试为基因去创造新名词的,首先是德·弗里斯。


德·弗里斯的 “泛生子”(Pangene)


德·弗里斯1848年出生在荷兰,30岁生日那天他获得了荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学的植物生理学教授职位,并在同年当选为荷兰科学和艺术学院的会员。1899年,德·弗里斯写出了他的代表作之一《细胞内泛生论》 ( Intracellular Panenesis ) 一书。虽然是荷兰人,德·弗里斯的这本书是以当时科学界更为普及的德语出版的 ,出版社是位于德国耶拿的GUSTAV FISCHER [5] 。


“ ‘泛生论’(Pangenesis)一词包括两个希腊单词:Pan和Genesis,前者的意思是全部(泛),后者的意思是出生和起源(生)。这是达尔文1868年提出的一个有关遗传的理论,它的核心是融合遗传(Blending inheritance)。按照泛生论,生物体各部分的细胞都带有特定的自身繁殖的 ‘微芽’(后人也把微芽称微泛生子(Pangene)),这些 ‘微芽’ 可由各系统集中于生殖细胞,父母生殖细胞的 ‘微芽’ 会相互融合从而形成新的子代 ‘微芽’。和泛生论不同,由孟德尔开创的现代遗传学的核心是颗粒遗传(Particulate inheritance),即控制性状的基因是独立的单位,来自父母的两个等位基因并不会发生融合,在下一代形成生殖细胞时还会相互分离。”


德·弗里斯在1898年提出的 “细胞内泛生论” 则有些特别,一方面它依然是泛生论,另一方面它抛弃了融合遗传,提出了颗粒遗传的概念。正是因为提出了颗粒遗传这个概念,德·弗里斯以达尔文创造的 “泛生论” (Pangenesis) 一词为基础,提出了 “泛生子” (Pangene) 一词,并对这一概念进行了描述:


图4 德·弗里斯的《细胞内泛生论》对“泛生子”(Pangene)做了详细注解 | 图源:biopersitylibrary


“……每个生殖细胞都必须潜在地包含构成相关物种性状的所有因素。因此,可见的遗传现象,都是隐藏在生命物质中的最小不可见粒子的特性的表现。事实上,为了能够解释所有的现象,人们必须为每个遗传属性假设特殊的粒子。我将这些单位称为 泛生子 (Pangene)。这些 泛生子 小得无法看见,但它们的化学分子的顺序完全不同,这些 泛生子 能够随着细胞分裂而增殖,并且可以分布到生物体所有或几乎所有的细胞中。它们要么是潜伏的,要么是活动的,但可以在这两种状态下繁殖……”


从上文可以看到,德·弗里斯所提到的 “泛生子” 其实就是基因。德·弗里斯提出的细胞内泛生论最有价值之处,就是提出了颗粒型遗传这一概念,否定了之前的融合性遗传。德·弗里斯能做到这一点,是因为在这之前进行了六七年的植物杂交实验,并且重现了孟德尔关于分离法则的发现。这让他意识到来自父母双方遗传物质并不会融合,而是依然会在产生生殖细胞时分离。


虽然 “泛生子” (Pangene) 是为基因创造的一个新名词,但这个词的前缀 (Pan) 用来描述基因并不合适,可以说有画蛇添足之嫌。1909年,丹麦植物学家维尔海姆·路德维希·约翰森 (Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen ) 在 “Pangene” 一词的基础上,进一步提炼出了 “基因” (Gene) 一词。


约翰森的 “基因”(Gene)


维尔海姆·路德维希·约翰森 (Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen) 1857年出生于丹麦的哥本哈根,1905年获得哥本哈根大学的植物学教授职位。1909年,他出版了自己的代表作《精确遗传学理论的要素》一书。和德·弗里斯的《细胞内泛生论》一样,约翰森《精确遗传学理论的要素》一书也是由德国耶拿的GUSTAV FISCHER出版社用德语发行 [6] 。


图5 约翰森的《精确遗传学理论的要素》一书的截图 | 图源:biopersitylibrary


这本书由约翰森的一系列讲义组成,在其中的第八讲,他创造了 “基因” 一词。同时,约翰森还创造了 “基因型” (Genotyp) 、表型 (Phaenotyp) 、“纯合子” (Homozygote) 、“杂合子” (Hetrezygote) 等今天常用的一系列遗传学术名词。


关于为什么要创造 “基因” 一词,约翰森在书中是这么说的:


“性细胞含有 ‘某种东西’,它决定着通过受精而产生的生物体的性状。这种 ‘东西’通常被称为 ‘天性’(Anlage),但这种说法相当含糊。达尔文提出的 ‘泛生子’(Pangene)一词,经常被用来代替 ‘天性’(Anlage)。然而, ‘泛生子’(Pangene)这个词的选择也并不令人满意,因为它是一个双重结构,包含了 ‘Pan’ 和 ‘Gene’两个词干。这里只需要考虑后者的意义,因此,从达尔文这个众所周知的词中分离出我们唯一感兴趣的最后一个音节 ‘Gene’,以便用它来取代糟糕的、模棱两可的 ‘天性’(Anlage)一词……”


在上面这段文字里,约翰森对基因是什么的描述比之前的任何一位学者都更清晰,即细胞里的 “某些东西”,能决定生物的性状。他也指出,之前用来描述基因的词 “天性” (Anlage) 以及 “泛生子” (Pangene) 都有不足,前者太模糊,后者前面带了多余的修饰词。所以,约翰森把 “Gene” 从 “Pangene” 中剥离了出来。


接下来,约翰森还进一步说明了使用 “基因” (Gene) 这个词的优势:


“…… ‘基因’ 这个短词有很多优点,因为它可以很容易地与其他名称组合。如果我们想到由某个 ‘基因’ 决定的属性(比如财富),我们就可以很容易地说 ‘财富的 基因 ’,而不需要使用 ‘决定财富的 基因 ’ 这样更繁琐的短语。”


不知为什么,约翰森在提到前人描述基因所用的词汇时,关于 “泛生子”一词的发明,只提到了达尔文,而没有谈到德·弗里斯。还有,约翰森也没有提到孟德尔首次用的 “因子” (Elemente) 这个词。不过,约翰森没有忘记把发现基因这一里程碑式的发现归功于孟德尔:


“…… ‘基因’ 的性质,目前还没有足够充分的依据。然而,这对遗传研究的有效性没有任何影响;只要确定存在这样的 ‘基因’ 就足够了。它的发现是格雷戈尔·孟德尔开展的植物杂交实验研究的最重要成就之一……”


在1909年 “基因” 这个词被创造出来的时候,正如上文约翰森提到的,人们对基因的自然属性还并不了解,只是知道它的存在,知道它是生物性状的决定者。但这已经足够了,因为这开辟了一个全新而且重要的研究领域。后来,人们知道了基因是染色体上的一部分;再后来,人们知道了基因是编码一段多肽的DNA片段……


从 “Gene” 到 “基因”


把 “Gene” 翻译成中文 “基因”,不仅同时做到了意译和音译,而且提高这个单词在含义上的准确性。就像上面提到的,“Gene” 这个词来源于希腊语,本来的意思是 “出生” 和 “起源”,这和 “决定生物性状的遗传物质” 的本意不太一致。但当把它翻译成 “基因” (基本因子) 后,就和本意靠近了很多,因为 “基本因子” 同时涵盖了孟德尔的 “因子” (Elemente) 、科伦斯的 “天性” (Anlage) 、约翰森的 “基因” (Gene) 。从某种角度上来说,将 “Gene” 翻译成 “基因” 是对原词的一个提升和超越。


那么,是谁做了这样一个完美的翻译呢?


根据加拿大曼尼托巴大学医学院谢永久教授的考证 [7] ,目前能查到的中文资料里,最早翻译“Gene”为“基因”一词的是潘光旦先生,他在1930年发表的《文化的生物学观》一文中写道 [8] :


“关于遗传这一点,我们不预备多说。遗传的几条原则,什么韦思曼的精质绵续与精质比较独立说、孟特尔的三律、跟了韦氏的理论而发生的新达尔文主义或后天习得性不遗传说、杜勿黎的突变说、约杭生与摩尔更的 ‘基因’ 遗传说——是大多数生物学家已认为有效,而且在生物学教本中已经数见不鲜的。”


潘光旦在1930年 (可能更早) 首次将 “Gene” 翻译成 “基因” 并非偶然,1922年23岁的他留学美国,并于1926年在哥伦比亚大学获得生物学学位,那里的教授里就有着名的遗传学大师摩尔根。虽然潘光旦后来成为了一名出色的 社会 学家,但他早期从事过一些优生学的研究,比如在1923年就发表了《优生学在中国》 ( Eugenics and China ) 的英文论文,并在随后将优生学引入到中文世界。或许正是因为他的自然和 社会 科学的双重背景,成就了 “基因” 的完美翻译。


参考文献:

1. Mendel, G., 1866 Versuch e über Pflanzen-Hybriden. Verh. naturf. Ver. Brünn 4: 3–47.

2. De Vries, H. Das Spaltungsgesetz der Bastarde. Ber. der Deutschen Bot. Gesellsch. 18 (3): 83, 1900.

3. Correns C. G. Mendel’s Regel über das Verhalten der Nachkommenschaft der Rassenbastarde. Ber. der Deutschen Bot. Gesellsch., 18 (4): 158-168, 1900.

4. Tschermak, E. Über Künstliche Kreuzung bei Pisum sativum. Berichte der Deutsche Botanischen Gesellschaft 18: 232-239, 1900.

5. de Vries, Hugo. 1889Intracellular Pangenesis. Gustav Fischer, Jena.

6. Johannsen, W., 1909 Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre. Gustav Fischer, Jena.

7. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~xiej/genetranslation.pdf

8. 《潘光旦文集》第二卷,潘乃穆,潘乃和 编, 北京-北京大学出版社, 1994 年 10 月,ISBN 7-301-02571-8, 318-319 页.


制版编辑 | 卢卡斯

⑶ 《TheMoonstone》pdf下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源

《TheMoonstone》(Wilkie Collins)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

链接: https://pan..com/s/1oBs8pq28znxGGMAW8D4NIA

提取码: nyhg

书名:TheMoonstone

豆瓣评分:8.1

作者:Wilkie Collins

出版社:Penguin Classics

出版年:1994-1-13

页数:464

内容简介

The Moonstone, a yellow diamond looted from an Indian temple and believed to bring bad luck to its owner, is bequeathed to Rachel Verinder on her eighteenth birthday. That very night the priceless stone is stolen again and when Sergeant Cuff is brought in to investigate the crime, he soon realizes that no one in Rachel's household is above suspicion. Hailed by T. S. Eliot as 'the first, the longest, and the best of modern English detective novels', "The Moonstone" is a marvellously taut and intricate tale of mystery, in which facts and memory can prove treacherous and not everyone is as they first appear.

作者简介

威尔基·柯林斯(1824年1月8日~1889年9月23日,William Wilkie Collins),男,英国侦探小说作家,主要作品有《月亮宝石》和成名作《白衣女人》等。柯林斯小说中的故事情节大多神秘莫测,错综复杂,离奇曲折,然后,再用锋利的笔椽,层次分明地一一剖解,拨开疑云。柯林斯在侦探小说领域的主要贡献是在世界侦探小说刚刚起步之际,他将侦探小说从短篇引向长篇,并首先在侦探小说中塑造了一个职业侦探的形象,对后来的作者影响很大。

⑷ 求分享《The Selfish Gene 》免费电子书的百度云链接

《The Selfish Gene 》网络网盘txt 最新全集下载:

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不论由意识这件是引起什么样的哲学问题,在这里它都可以视为演化趋势的极致,它使求生机器成为执行者,而脱离了他的主人——基因。它们也有能力计划未来并据以产生行为,它们甚至有力量反抗基因的指令。

⑸ 《The Selfish Gene 》txt下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源

《The Selfish Gene》(Richard Dawkins)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

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提取码:ux1e

书名:The Selfish Gene

作者:Richard Dawkins

出版社:OUP Oxford

出版年份:2006-3-16

页数:384

作者简介:

理乍得•道金斯,1941年3月26日生,英国皇家科学院院士,牛津大学教授,着名科普作家,生物学家。2001年当选为英国皇家学会院士。2005年英国《前景》杂志会同美国《外交政策》杂志网络调查,评选出在世的全球100名最有影响力的公共知识分子之一。他是英国最重要的科学作家,几乎每本书都是畅销书,并经常在各大媒体引起轰动。他的畅销书中,于1976年出版的《自私的基因》为最重要的代表作,他的基因观念,颠覆了我们对自身的幻觉,深刻影响了整整一个时代。

⑹ 《TheNotebook》pdf下载在线阅读,求百度网盘云资源

《The Notebook》([美国] Nicholas Sparks)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

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提取码:939g

书名:The Notebook

作者:[美国] Nicholas Sparks

豆瓣评分:8.0

出版社:Warner Vision

出版年份:2004-2-1

页数:239

内容简介:

A man with a faded, well-worn notebook open in his lap. A woman experiencing a morning ritual she doesn't understand. Until he begins to read to her. The Notebook is an achingly tender story about the enring power of love, a story of miracles that will stay with you forever. Set amid the austere beauty of coastal North Carolina in 1946, The Notebook begins with the story of Noah Calhoun, a rural Southerner returned home from World War II. Noah, thirty-one, is restoring a plantation home to its former glory, and he is haunted by images of the beautiful girl he met fourteen years earlier, a girl he loved like no other. Unable to find her, yet unwilling to forget the summer they spent together, Noah is content to live with only memories....until she unexpectedly returns to his town to see him once again. Allie Nelson, twenty-nine, is now engaged to another man, but realizes that the original passion she felt for Noah has not dimmed with the passage of time. Still, the obstacles that once ended their previous relationship remain, and the gulf between their worlds is too vast to ignore. With her impending marriage only weeks away, Allie is forced to confront her hopes and dreams for the future, a future that only she can shape. Like a puzzle within a puzzle, the story of Noah and Allie is just the beginning. As it unfolds, their tale miraculously becomes something different, with much higher stakes. The result is a deeply moving portrait of love itself, the tender moments and the fundamental changes that affect us all. Shining with a beauty that is rarely found in current literature, The Notebook establishes Nicholas Sparks as a classic storyteller with a unique insight into the only emotion that really matters. "I am nothing special, of this I am sure. I am a common man with common thoughts and I've led a common life. There are no monuments dedicated to me and my name will soon be forgotten, but I've loved another with all my heart and soul, and to me, this has always been enough." And so begins one of the most poignant and compelling love stories you will ever read....The Notebook

"Somewhere," muses Noah Calhoun, while sitting on his porch in the moonight, "there were people making love." The Notebook, a Southern-fried story of love-lost-and-found-again, revolves around a single time-honored romantic dilemma: will beautiful Allison Nelson stay with Mr. Respectability (to whom she happens to be engaged), or will she choose Noah, the romantic rascal she left so many years ago?

In 1932, two North Carolina teenagers from opposite sides of the tracks fall in love. Spending one idyllic summer together in the small town of New Bern, Noah Calhoun and Allie Nelson do not meet again for 14 years. Noah has returned from WWII to restore the house of his dreams, having inherited a large sum of money. Allie, programmed by family and the "caste system of the South" to marry an ambitious, prosperous man, has become engaged to powerful attorney Lon Hammond. When she reads a newspaper story about Noah's restoration project, she shows up on his porch step, re-entering his life for two days. Will Allie leave Lon for Noah? The book's slim dimensions and cliche-ridden prose will make comparisons to The Bridges of Madison County inevitable. What renders Sparks's (Wokini: A Lakota Journey of Happiness and Self-Understanding) sentimental story somewhat distinctive are two chapters, which take place in a nursing home in the '90s, that frame the central story. The first sets the stage for the reading of the eponymous notebook, while the later one takes the characters into the land beyond happily ever after, a future rarely examined in books of this nature. Early on, Noah claims that theirs may be either a tragedy or a love story, depending on the perspective. Ultimately, the judgment is up to readers?be they cynics or romantics. For the latter, this will be a weeper. Major ad/promo; first serial to Good Housekeeping; movie rights to New Line Cinema; Warner Audio; Literary Guild and Doubleday Book Club main selections.

Here is a first novel that many people are banking on: the Literary Guild and Doubleday Book Club are featuring it as a main selection and film, foreign, and serial rights are already sold. At 80, Noah Calhoun reads daily from a notebook containing the love story of Noah and Allie. We learn of the teenaged lovers, their 14-year separation and reunion in New Bern, North Carolina, just weeks before Allie is to marry another man. Back in the present, we learn that Noah and Allie did marry and were happy for more than 40 years. Now, they are residents of a nursing home, separated both by rooms and, more profoundly, by Allie's Alzheimer's. Noah's daily reading from the notebook is not to himself; he reads aloud to Allie, hoping that the power of their love story will reach her. Noah's coping mechanisms as an old man are exceptional, and the novel's format, focusing just on the al beginnings of their love story and its denouement, is intriguing. This is a more romantic testament to love's enring miracle than Robert James Waller's The Bridges of Madison County (LJ 3/1/92) because the Calhouns chose the rigors of daily domestic life over a dream of four days. For all popular collections.

-?Rebecca S. Kelm, Northern Kentucky Univ. Lib., Highland Heights

With a huge first printing and a major advertising campaign, Warner is clearly hoping that Sparks' first novel will plicate the success of Robert James Waller's Bridges of Madison County. Written in the opaque language of a fable, the novel opens in a nursing home as 80-year-old Noah Calhoun, "a common man with common thoughts," reads a love story from a notebook; it is his own story. In 1946, Noah, newly returned from the war, is trying to forget a long-ago summer romance with Allie Nelson, the daughter of a powerful businessman. Allie, soon to be married, feels compelled to track Noah down. One steamed-crab dinner and a canoe ride later, they fall madly in love again. We then learn that Noah, now aged and infirm, is reading his notebook to Allie in an attempt to jog her memory, severely impaired by Alzheimer's disease, and, miraculously, he succeeds, much to the amazement of the hospital staff. There is something suspect about a romantic relationship that reaches its acme when one of the partners is in the throes of dementia, but then, this is well within the confines of the romance genre--love conquers all, even Alzheimer's, leaving the medical experts (and this reviewer) confounded. If you want to read a novel in which the romance is grounded in something real, and the magic is truly magical, read the work of Alice Hoffman. If you want to read an upscale Harlequin romance with great crossover appeal, then read The Notebook.

Joanne Wilkinson

Two ordinary people are rendered extraordinary by the strength, power and beauty of true love; each brings out the best in the other, and their pure love enres. The al performance of Kate Nelligan and Campbell Scott enhances this smooth abridgment of Sparks's lyrical novel. With the perspectives of both characters presented, one has a sense of hearing the whole story. Nelligan's genteel, Southern tones blend perfectly with Scott's straightforward, gentle, often sensuous baritone. The readers deliver strong characterizations of both the younger, passionate lovers and the matured, easily fatigued, nursing home residents they become. Allie and Noah's heartrending story will touch the heart and soul of any listener who has ever loved a kindred spirit. J.H.B.An AUDIOFILE Earphones Award winner.

Sparks's debut is a contender in the Robert Waller book-sweeps for most shamelessly sentimental love story, with honorable mention for highest octane schmaltz throughout an extended narrative. New Bern is the Carolina town where local boy Noah Calhoun and visitor Allison Nelson fall in love, in 1932, when Noah is 17 and Allie 15 (``as he . . . met those striking emerald eyes, he knew . . . she was the one he could spend the rest of his life looking for but never find again''). Allie's socially prominent mom, however, sees their Romeo-and-Juliet affair differently, intercepting Noah's heartrendingly poetic love-letters, while Allie, sure he doesn't love her, never even sends hers. Love is forever, though, and in 1946 Allie sees a piece in the paper about Noah (he's back home after WW II, still alone, living in a 200-year-old house in the country) and drives down to see him, telling the socially prominent lawyer she's engaged to that she's gone looking for antiques (`` `And here it will end, one way or the other,' she whispered''). And together again the lovers come indeed, ring a thunderstorm, before a crackling fire, leaving the poetic Noah to reflect that ``to him, the evening would be remembered as one of the most special times he had ever had.'' So, will Allie marry her lawyer? Will Noah live out his life alone, rocking on his porch, paddling up the creek, ``playing his guitar for beavers and geese and wild blue herons''? Suffice it to say that love will go on, somehow, for 140 more pages, readers will find out what the title means and may or may not agree with Allie, of Noah: ``You are the most forgiving and peaceful man I know. God is with you, He must be, for you are the closest thing to an angel that I've ever met.'' An epic of treacle, an ocean of tears, made possible by a perfect, ideal, unalloyed absence of humor. Destined, positively, for success. (First serial to Good Housekeeping; film rights to New Line Cinema; Literary Guild selection)

length: (cm)17.1 width:(cm)11.3

作者简介:

Nicholas Sparks is the author of the #1 New York Times bestsellers THE RESCUE and NIGHTS IN RODANTHE, as well as THE NOTEBOOK, MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE, A WALK TO REMEMBER, A BEND IN THE ROAD, THE GUARDIAN, THE WEDDING, and his moving memoir, THREE WEEKS WITH MY BROTHER, written with his brother, Micah. All his books were New York Times and international bestsellers translated into more than thirty languages, and MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE, A WALK TO REMEMBER, and THE NOTEBOOK were adapted into major motion pictures. Nicholas Sparks lives in North Carolina with his wife and family.

Nicholas Sparks 是当今美国文坛最擅长说故事的人之一,多部小说都已改编成电影,最为耳熟能详的作品有《The Notebook 手札情缘》、《Message in a Bottle 瓶中信》等,他擅长描写平凡人生中不平凡的爱情,其中《手札情缘》一上市更被视为“真爱不朽”的最佳见证。他的小说人物通常简单,不过其中的感情却都能让读者感同身受,因此一出版就会立刻登上畅销书榜。最新力作《Dear John》空降New York Times文学类排行榜冠军,挤下Mitch Albom《For One More Day》及Stephen King《Lisey's Story》,并同时荣登Publisher's Weekly、The Washington Post、Barnes & Noble、Amazon.com…各大排行榜首位。

⑺ 《TheGiver》pdf下载在线阅读,求百度网盘云资源

《The Giver》(Lois Lowry)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

资源链接:

链接:https://pan..com/s/1HaHSQSYoGxlXNZpOJ_9NJA

提取码:484j

书名:The Giver

作者:Lois Lowry

豆瓣评分:8.3

出版社:Laurel Leaf

出版年份:2002-9-10

页数:192

内容简介:

The Giver译为“赐予者”或“授者”,是洛伊丝·洛利最着名的也是最受争议的作品。在The Giver里,作者描绘了一个想象出来的乌托邦世界。在这个社会里,人们的生活都被安排得好好的,人们不用决定工作,不用决定配偶,这些问题,社会都帮个人做好了决定。而这个世界也没有记忆、感情、颜色及音乐,人们只有最基本的生活需求。但有一个人例外,他一个人承担了整个世界该有的记忆,他必须独自承受痛苦、恐惧、和孤单,而他也同时知道什么是温暖、幸福和爱。这个人被称为the receiver of memory,也就是the Giver。当12岁的男主角Jonas成为这个the receiver of memory的接班人后,他得到了他以前所不曾有过的经验,而当他知道愈多时,他愈发现这个世界的不合理,最后他选择了逃离……

作者简介:

Lois Lowry is known for her versatility and invention as a writer. She was born in Hawaii and grew up in New York, Pennsylvania, and Japan. After several years at Brown University, she turned to her family and to writing. She is the author of more than thirty books for young alts, including the popular Anastasia Krupnik series. She has received countless honors, among them the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award, the Dorothy Canfield Fisher Award, the California Young Reader.s Medal, and the Mark Twain Award. She received Newbery Medals for two of her novels, NUMBER THE STARS and THE GIVER. Her first novel, A SUMMER TO DIE, was awarded the International Reading Association.s Children.s Book Award. Lowry now divides her time between Cambridge and an 1840s farmhouse in Maine.

⑻ 《TheLittlePrince》pdf下载在线阅读,求百度网盘云资源

《The Little Prince》(Antoine de Saint-Exupéry)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

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链接:https://pan..com/s/114uR1IQmjaNWyWiLpxYY9w

提取码:fx2p

书名:The Little Prince

作者:Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

译者:Richard Howard

豆瓣评分:9.2

出版社:Mariner Books

出版年份:2000-5-15

页数:96

内容简介:Few stories are as widely read and as universally cherished by children and alts alike as The Little Prince. Richard Howard's new translation of the beloved classic-published to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Antoine de Saint-Exup‚ry's birth-beautifully reflects Saint-Exup‚ry's unique and gifted style. Howard, an acclaimed poet and one of the preeminent translators of our time, has excelled in bringing the English text as close as possible to the French, in language, style, and most important, spirit. The artwork in this new edition has been restored to match in detail and in color Saint-Exup‚ry's original artwork. By combining the new translation with restored original art, Harcourt is proud to introce the definitive English-language edition of

Ingram

"In the exquisite imagery of this fairy tale, the poet-writer shares with children something of the mystic's vision and wisdom of life."--New York Public Library. --This text refers to the School & Library Binding edition.

About the Author

Antoine de Saint-Exupery (1900-1944) was born in Lyons, France. A year after the publication of The Little Prince, Saint-Exupery disappeared over the Mediterranean while flying a reconnaissance mission for his French air squadron. Best known throughout the world as the author and illustrator of The Little Prince, Saint-Exupery wrote several other books that also have become classics of world literature.

The translator, Richard Howard, is the author of eleven books of poetry, including Untitled Subjects, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1970, and most recently, Trappings. He is the translator of more than 150 works from the French, including The Charterhouse of Parma. In 1984 he received the American Book Award for his translation of Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs Mal. Mr. Howard lives in New York City.

作者简介:安托万·德·圣埃克苏佩里(Antoine de Saint-Exupery, 1900-1944)1900年6月29日出生在法国里昂。他曾经有志于报考海军学院,未能如愿,却有幸成了空军的一员。1923年退役后,先后从事过各种不同的职业。

1926年,圣埃克苏佩里进入拉泰科埃尔航空公司。在此期间,出版小说《南方邮件》(1929)、《夜航》(1931),从此他在文学上声誉鹊起。1939年,又一部作品《人的大地》问世。

第二次世界大战期间他重入法国空军。后辗转去纽约开始流亡生活。在这期间,写出《空军飞行员》、《给一个人质的信》、《小王子》(1943)等作品。1944年返回同盟国地中海空军部队。在当年7月31日的一次飞行任务中,他驾驶飞机飞上湛蓝的天空,就此再也没有回来。

⑼ 《TheGodsThemselves》pdf下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源

《TheGodsThemselves》(IsaacAsimov)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

链接: https://pan..com/s/14FvMUD2v8u-KJLp08zbzkA

提取码: r12y

书名:TheGodsThemselves

豆瓣评分:8.9

作者: Isaac Asimov

出版社: Spectra

出版年: 1990-9-4

页数: 304

内容简介

Only a few know the terrifying truth--an outcast Earth scientist, a rebellious alien inhabitant of a dying planet, a lunar-born human intuitionist who senses the imminent annihilation of the Sun. They know the truth--but who will listen? They have foreseen the cost of abundant...

作者简介

阿西莫夫是当代美国最着名的科普作家、科幻小说家,文学评论家,美国科幻小说黄金时代的代表人物之一。

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