1. 编程语言的历史
两个都是英文版的。
编程语言和软件历史年表大全
Year - Languages, Operating Systems, Major Programs, Etc.
1945 EDVAC utilizes stored program concept
1945 Plankalkul (Konrad Zuse)
1949 Short Code (for BINAC) (John Mauchly)
1950 Intermediate Programming Language (Arthur W. Burks)
1951 Klamemerausdrucke (algebraic language and compilers)
1951 Formules (complete compiler) (Heinz Rutishauser)
1951 Find (for the Whirlwind) (Jack Gilmore)
1952 Autocode compiler (Alick E. Glennie)
1952 Short Code (for UNIVAC 1) (W.F. Schmidt, A.B. Tonik, J.R. Logan)
1952 Sort-Merge Generator (for UNIVAC 1) (Betty Holberton)
1952c COMPOOL (for SAGE) (MIT)
1952 Punchy (for TX-O) (Jack Gilmore)
1953 A-2 Compiler (for UNIVAC) (Grace Hopper)
1953 Algebraic interpreter (for Whirlwind, MIT) (J.H. Laning, N. Zierler)
1953 Speedcoding (for IBM 701) (John Backus)
1954 Operating System (for IBM 701, General Motors Research Laboratory)
1954 Autocode (for Manchester Mark 1) (R.A. Booker)
1954 PiPi-2 Prgrmg Program (compiler, USSR) (E.Z. Liumbimskii, S.S. Kamynin)
1954c Autocoder assembly language (for IBM 705)
1955 PiPi Programming Program (for BESM) (USSR)
1955 BACAIC (for IBM 701) (Mandalay Grems, R.E. Porter, Boeing Airplane Co.)
1955 MATH-MATIC mathematical programming language (for UNIVAC) (C. Katz)
1955 Kompiler 2 (for IBM 701) (A. Kenton Elsworth, Livermore Laboratory)
1956 Operating Sys. (for IBM 704) (General Motors; North American Aviation)
1956 ADES (U.S. Naval Observatory) (E.K.Blum)
1956 APT machine tool control (MIT) (Douglas Ross)
1956 Logic Theorist AI program (A. Newell & H. Simon, Carnegie Institute)
1956 IT (Internal Translator) (for IBM 650) (A. Perlis & J.W. Smith)
1956 Mark I report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)
1956 FORTRAN (Formula Translation) (John Backus, IBM)
1957 Mark II Report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)
1957 IPL-V (Information Processing Language V)
1957 Fortransit programming language
1957 COMIT string processing language (Victor Yngve, MIT)
1957 Scope Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)
1957 Lincoln Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)
1958 APT (Automatically Programmed Tool)
1958 FLOW-MATIC (for UNIVAC, Remington-Rand) (Grace Hopper)
1958c SOAP assembler (for IBM 650)
1958 IR (Information Retrieval) database management system (for IBM 704)
1958 LISP (List Processing language) (John McCarthy, MIT)
1958 AIMACO data processing language
1958 IPL V list processing language
1959 DYNAMO III
1959 TUFF/TUG (for IBM 704)
1959 9PAC file handling (for IBM 709)
1959 FACT business data processing language
1959 SURGE (for IBM 704) (Fletcher Jones)
1959 SAGE operating system (for IBM AN/FSQ7) (System Development Corp.)
1959c SAP assembler (for IBM 704)
1959c ASCI-Matic (Jack Minker)
1959 COBOL (December release)
1960 Atlas operating system for Atlas Computer)
(Manchester Univ. & Ferranti)
1960 ALGOL 60 (Algorithmic Language)
1960 COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
1960 JOVIAL (Jules Own Version of Int. Algebraic Language) (Jules Schwartz)
1960 MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)
1960 NELIAC (Navy Electronics Laboratory International Algol Compiler)
1960 TRAC string processing language
1960 SCEPTRE
1960 IOCS operating system (for IBM 709/7090)
1960 FMS operating system (for IBM 709) (North American Aviation)
1961 COBOL revised and reissued
1961 SOS operating system (for IBM 709) (SHARE and IBM)
1961 GPSS (General Purpose Systems Simulator)
1961 SAC/Aids Formatted File System (for SAC 438L system) (SAC)
1961 BASE-BALL natural language system (B.V. Green)
1961 QUERY database (T. E. Cheatham, S. Warshall)
1961 RPG (Report Program Generator) (for IBM 1401)
1961 MADCAP scientific programming language
1961 ALGY formula manipulation language
1961 GECOM business data processing language
1961 QUICKTRAN on-line programming language
1961 Expensive Typewriter (IBM 360) (Stephen Piner)
1961 COBOL 61 Extended
1962 CTSS operating system (for IBM 7090 & IBM 7094) (Dr.F. Corbato, MIT)
1962 Gen. Info. & Retrieval System (GIRLS) for IBM 7090 (J.A. Postley, AIS)
1962 EXEC 1 operating system (for Univac 1107) (Computer Sciences Corp.)
1962 APL (A Programming Language) (Kenneth Iverson)
1962 IBSYS operating system (IBM 7090)
1962 Advanced Data Management System (ADAM) (for IBM 7030) (MITRE)
1962 COLINGO database (for IBM 1401)
1962 FORMAC formula manipulation
1962 SNOBOL (String Oriented Symbolic Language)
1963 Master Control Program operating system (for Burroughs B5000)
1963 COGO (Coordinate Geometry)
1963 Information Processing System (IPS) (for CDC 1604) (NAVCOSSACT)
1963 JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop System) (J.Cliff Shaw, Rand Corporation)
1963 CORC scientific programming language
1963 OMNIT AB scientific programming language
1963 Ambit
1964 Integrated Data Store (I-D-S) (Charles Bachman, General Electric)
1964 OS/360 operating system (for IBM 360)
1964 BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
(John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz, Dartmouth College)
1964 FORMAC (Formula Manipulation Compiler) for non-numeric mathematics
(Jean Sammet)
1964 PAT on-line programming language
1964 PL/1 (developed by IBM and SHARE)
1964 Altran
1965 Generalized Update Access Method (GUAM) (IBM 7010)
(developed by North American Space Division)
1965 Remote Access Terminal System (for IBM 7010)
(developed by IBM, and Rockwell International)
1965 Generalized Information System (GIS) (for IBM System/360)
1965 DENDRAL (Edward Fiegenbaum, Joshua Lederberg (Stanford University)
1965 C-10 database management system (IBM 1410) (developed by MITRE)
1965 COGENT report generator (for IBM 709)
1965 CPS on-line programming language
1965 RUSH on-line programming language
1965 Amtran on-line programming language
1965 FLAP formula manipulation programming language
1965 CLP list processing language
1965c MULTICS interactive operating system (for GE/Honeywell 645)
(developed by GE, Bell Labs & MIT)
1965 TRAC
1965 SNOBOL 3
1966 SIMULA I (Kristen Nygaard, Ole-Lohan Dahl) (First Object Oriented Language)
1966 TOSS operating system (for IBM System/360) (developed by RCA)
1966 Dialog on-line programming language
1966 MAP on-line programming language
1966 NAPSS scientific programming language
1966 Euler scientific programming language
1966 Coursewriter II
1966 OMNITAB II
1966 ECAP II (Electronic Circuit Analysis Program II)
1966 MPSX (Mathematical Programming System Extended)
1967 RAMIS non-proceral programming language (Mathematical)
1967 MANAGE database management system (for XDS 940 computer)
(developed by Scientific Data Systems)
1967 AS-IST database management system (for IBM System/360)
(developed by Applications Software)
1967 LUCID database management system (for AN/FSQ32)
(developed by System Development)
1967 ICES (Integrated Civil Engineering System)
1967 CSSL (Continuous Systems Simulation Language)
1967 Simula 67 (Simulation Language 1967)
1967 CPUL programming language
1967 POSE scientific programming language
1967 MAC-30 programming language
1967 DIAGMAG scientific programming language
1967 REDUCE formula manipulation language
1967 SPRINT list processing language
1967 LOLITA list processing language
1967 EOL-3 string processing language
1967 LEAP multipurpose programming language
1967 SNOBOL 4
1968 ALGOL 68 (Algorithmic Language)
1968 ATLAS (Abbreviated Test Language for "All" Systems)
1968 CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program)
1968 Speakeasy
1968 OS/MFT operating system (for IBM 360 computers)
1968 TSS operating system (for IBM 360/370)
1968 MCP operating system (for Burroughs for B2500 and B3500)
1968 PAL programming language
1968 Proteus programming language
1968 GPL general purpose programming language
1968 TPS
1968 Salem
1968 Ariel
1968 Bruin
1968 TLC
1968 Termac
1968 Active Language 1
1968 Symbal
1968 Champ
1969 MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital General Utility
Multi-Programming System)
1969 PILOT
1969 CP-67/CMS operating system (for IBM 360 computer)
1969 OS/MVT operating system (for IBM 360 computer)
1969 Data Manager-1 (developed by Auerbach)
1969 UNIX multi-user, multitasking operating system development begun at Bell Labs
1969 Cobol Data Management System (CDMS) (for IBM 360)
(developed by Defense Intelligence Agency)
1969 Information Management System (IMS) hierarchical database management
system (developed by IBM)
1969 TSOS operating system (for Spectra 70/46) (developed by RCA)
1969 Time Shared Data Management System (TSDMS) (for IBM 360)
1969 Remote File Management System (for CDC 6000)
(developed at University of Texas)
1969 McG360 programming language
1969 DML programming language
1969 REL programming language
1969 PLANNER programming language
1969 REF-ARF programming language
1969 IITRAN multipurpose programming language
1969 APAREL multipurpose programming language
1969 NUCLEOL string processing language
1969 LEAF list processing language
1969 IAM formula manipulation language
1969 PPL on-line programming language
1969 OSCAR on-line programming language
1969 TRANQUIL scientific programming language
1969 SPEAKEASY scientific programming language
1969 STIL scientific programming language
1969 Music V (Max Mathews)
1969 Scratchpad
1970 BLISS (Basic Language for Implementation of System Software)
1970 SC-1 database management system (for IBM 360)
(developed by Western Electric)
1970 DMS data management system (for Sigma 5,7,9 computers)
(developed by Xerox Data Systems)
1970 S2000 data management system (for CDC 6000)(developed by SRI Systems)
1970 AIDS scientific programming language
1970 IIMP scientific programming language
1970 POEL scientific programming language
1970 LPL list processing language
1970 BALM list processing language
1970 Gedanken programming language
1970c Macsyma programming language (Joel Moses, MIT)
1970 Vulcan
1970 PDEL
1970 Pascal (Niklaus Wirth)
1971 VMOS operating system (for Spectra computers) (developed by RCA)
1971 ETC programming language
1971 TUTOR
1971 ISPL (Instruction Set Processor Language)
1971 FORMAC formula manipulation language
1971 HAL/S A programming language used aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia
1972 SMALLTALK object-oriented language (Alan Kay; Xerox)
1972 PL/M high-level language for microprocessor
1972 VS/9 operating system (for UNIVAC Series 90)
1972 Development of C language (Dennis Ritchie)
1973 BS2000 operating system (for Siemens 7500)
1973 VM 1370 operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1973 OS/VS operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1973 Pholas data management system (for Philips P1000)
1973 PDS/MaGEN (Problem Descriptor System)
1974 PL/M
1975 SPSS (Statistical Programs for the Social Sciences)
1975 OS/MVS operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1975 UNIX licensed by Western Electric for academic and commercial sectors
1975 ADA programming language developed for U.S. Dept. of Defense
1975 MDQS (Management Data Query System) developed by Honeywell
1976 Mola multiprocessing language (Niklaus Wirth)
1976 SMALLTALK 76 (Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Daniel H. H. Ingalis; Xerox PARC)
1977 CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) (Gary Kildall)
1979 VisiCalc electronic spreadsheet software for microcomputers
1979 X-CON (aka RI) expert system (Carnegie-Mellon University)
(used at Digital Equipment Corporation)
1980 INTELLECT natural language query system
(Artificial Intelligence Corporation)
1980 CPF operating system (for IBM System/38 minicomputer)
1980 C++ (Bjarne Stroustrup, Bell Labs)
1981 MS/DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
developed by Microsoft Corporation) (IBM version called PC/DOS)
1983 KEE (expert systems development tool) IntelliCorp.
198? Objective C (Brad Cox; Stepstone Corporation)
1988 Windows 386 version 2.0 Released by Microsoft Corporation
1990 (April) Windows 3.0 released by Microsoft Corporation
1991 Windows NT Server version 3.1 released by Microsoft Corporation
1994 Windows NT Server version 3.5 released by Microsoft Corporation
1995 Windows 95 (microcomputer operating system and interface, Microsoft Corporation)
1995 JAVA (James Gosling, Sun Microsystems)
1996 Windows NT Server version 4.0 released by Microsoft Corporation
1996 "Inferno" under development by Dennis Ritchie and others
1996 (March) Microsoft’s Active X is released
1996 (October) Sun Microsystems SunSoft division releases JavaBeans
1996 Symantec’s Visual Cafe 1.0 tool (supports JavaBeans model)
1996 Delphi announces JBuilder (formerly code-named Latte)
1996 IBM’s Visual Age (supports JavaBean)
1996 Powersoft announces Jato (originally code-named Starbuck) (supports JavaBeans)
1996 Oracle Corporation announces Sedona, a development tools technology
1997 Microsoft Windows NT 5.0
编程语言历史
《BYTE》：A Brief History of Programming Languages
We’ve come a long way from computers programmed with wires and punch cards. Maybe not as far as some would like, though. Here are the innovations in programming.
ca. 1946
Konrad Zuse , a German engineer working alone while hiding out in the Bavarian Alps, develops Plankalkul. He applies the language to, among other things, chess.
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1949
Short Code , the first computer language actually used on an electronic computing device, appears. It is, however, a "hand-compiled" language.
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1951
Grace Hopper , working for Remington Rand, begins design work on the first widely known compiler, named A-0. When the language is released by Rand in 1957, it is called MATH-MATIC.
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1952
Alick E. Glennie , in his spare time at the University of Manchester, devises a programming system called AUTOCODE, a rudimentary compiler.
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1957
FORTRAN --mathematical FORmula TRANslating system--appears. Heading the team is John Backus, who goes on to contribute to the development of ALGOL and the well-known syntax-specification system known as BNF.
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1958
FORTRAN II appears, able to handle subroutines and links to assembly language. John McCarthy at M.I.T. begins work on LISP--LISt Processing.
The original specification for ALGOL appears. The specific ation does not describe how data will be input or output; that is left to the indivial implementations.
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1959
LISP 1.5 appears. COBOL is created by the Conference on Data Systems and Languages (CODASYL).
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1960
ALGOL 60 , the first block-structured language, appears. This is the root of the family tree that will ultimately proce the likes of Pascal. ALGOL goes on to become the most popular language in Europe in the mid- to late-1960s.
Sometime in the early 1960s , Kenneth Iverson begins work on the language that will become APL--A Programming Language. It uses a specialized character set that, for proper use, requires APL-compatible I/O devices.
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1962
APL is documented in Iverson’s book, A Pro gramming Language .
FORTRAN IV appears.
Work begins on the sure-fire winner of the "clever acronym" award, SNOBOL--StriNg-Oriented symBOlic Language. It will spawn other clever acronyms: FASBOL, a SNOBOL compiler (in 1971), and SPITBOL--SPeedy ImplemenTation of snoBOL--also in 1971.
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1963
ALGOL 60 is revised.
Work begins on PL/1.
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1964
APL\360 is implemented.
At Dartmouth University , professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz invent BASIC. The first implementation is a compiler. The first BASIC program runs at about 4:00 a.m. on May 1, 1964.
PL/1 is released.
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1965
SNOBOL3 appears.
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1966
FORTRAN 66 appears.
LISP 2 appears.
Work begins on LOGO at Bolt, Beranek, & Newman. The team is headed by Wally Fuerzeig and includes Seymour Papert. LOGO is best known for its "turtle graphics."
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1967
SNOBOL4 , a much-enhanced SNOBOL, appears.
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1968
ALGOL 68 , a monster compared to ALGOL 60, appears. Some members of the specifications committee--including C.A.R. Hoare and Niklaus Wirth--protest its approval. ALGOL 68 proves difficult to implement.
ALTRAN , a FORTRAN variant, appears.
COBOL is officially defined by ANSI.
Niklaus Wirth begins work on Pascal.
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1969
500 people attend an APL conference at IBM’s headquarters in Armonk, New York. The demands for APL’s distribution are so great that the event is later referred to as "The March on Armonk."
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1970
Sometime in the early 1970s , Charles Moore writes the first significant programs in his new language, Forth.
Work on Prolog begins about this time.
Also sometime in the early 1970s , work on Smalltalk begins at Xerox PARC, led by Alan Kay. Early versions will include Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, and Smalltalk-76.
An implementation of Pascal appears on a CDC 6000-series computer.
Icon , a descendant of SNOBOL4, appears.
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1972
The manuscript for Konrad Zuse’s Plankalkul (see 1946) is finally published.
Denni s Ritchie proces C. The definitive reference manual for it will not appear until 1974.
The first implementation of Prolog -- by Alain Colmerauer and Phillip Roussel -- appears.
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1974
Another ANSI specification for COBOL appears.
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1975
2. 电脑编程有那几种语言
机器语言，没用过，不过是计算机最底层的语言，直接运行的，debug就是用这种语言
汇编语言，比机器语言高级，但仍然很繁琐
高级语言，就是通常意义上的编程语言，有很多种，列举一些（括号里是对应的编译器）
BASIC(VB),纯C（TurboC），C++（Visual C++，C++Builder），C#（Visual C#），Pascal（Turbo Pascal，Delphi），Java（Sun Java），J#（Visual J#）高级语言有很多，常用的就是这些，
3. abb基本编程指令语言
编程指令精讲
1、WZDOSet和WZLimUp
WZDOSet 当机器人的TCP进入你所设定的WORLDZONE后，你所指定的一个DO信号就会自动被设定为你在指令中所定义状态。WZLimUp当机器人的TCP或关节将进入你所设定的WORLDZONE之前，机器人会停下来，并报警。 WORLDZONE的使用必须使用POWER＿UP ROUTINE进行启动。 2、ACCSET
运动控制指令-AccSet AccSet Acc,Ramp;
Acc: 机器人加速度百分比（num) Ramp: 机器人加速度坡度（num)
应用： 当机器人运行速度改变时，对所产生的相应加速度进行限制，使机器人高速运行时更平缓，但会延长循环时间，系统默认值为AccSet100,100; 限制： 机器人加速度百分率值最小为20，小于20以20计，机器人加速度坡度值最小为10，小于10以10计 机器人冷启动，新程序载入与程序重置后，系统自动设置为默认值。
这样，你们就可以根据实际需要进行设定了 3、LoadID
Load Identify这是ABB机器人工具和载重的重量和重心数据的识别功能。你只需要执行一下这个程序，你就可以轻松设定TOOLDATA和LOADDATA了。为机器人设定正确的TOOLDATA和LOADDATA是非常重要的，这是因为有了正确的数据设定以后，机器人在进行运动运算时，能更好地进行各轴扭矩的控制。有防地防止了输出功率的过大或过小，而造成机器人电机和机构的异常损坏。 4、PDispSet
在激光焊接与打标的应用中，通常在一个加工平面内，有几十个加工点。如果因为夹具或滑台的原因造成所有加工点向一个方向整体偏移，这时对这几十个点重新教一次的话，这样工作量是相当大的。有没有简单的方法应对这种情况呢？答案是有的，这就是PDispSet。
VAR pose xp100 := [ [X, Y, Z], [1, 0, 0, 0] ]; ...
PDispSet xp100;
例中，只需对xp100的X和Y对偏移的方向进行整体补偿，这样一来，几十个点就校正过来了。一般地，Z方向不用调整，因为要在激光焦距上。 在执行的移动指令前加上PDispSet xp100;，后面跟着的移动指令如MOVEJ MOVEL就会在X和Y方向加入XP100的偏移量。
4. 学习编程，需要注意些什么呢
学习编程，首先应该认认真真的学习一门语言。学习微软的，就先从VB开始，VB是比较好的入门语言，可视化的，比较简单，是非常好的入门语言。书籍最少应该准备两本，不可能一本书籍会包含VB的所有内容，在看书的时候，可以交叉的看，一本书籍中没有讲到的内容可以在另一本中看到，这样对学习是很有好处的，也能保证所学知识的完整性。学编程是一个很漫长的过程，不要着急，要理论与实践想结合，例程书籍也是很重要的，看源代码对学习也是很有帮助的，等你学完这门VB语言之后，学习别的语言是非常简单，可以尝试C语言，按照C——C++——VC的顺序学习，有助于知识的连贯性。或者学习Delphi，入门较为简单类似于VB，但比VB强大，即可作为入门又能做强、做大。 1 ． 明确学习目的 学习编程对大多数IT业人员来说都是非常有用的。学编程，做一名编程人员，从个人角度讲，可以解决在软件使用中所遇到的问题，改进现有软件，可以为自己找到一份理想的工作添加重要得砝码，有利于在求职道路上谋得一个好的职位；从国家的角度，可以为中国的软件产业做出应有的贡献，一名优秀的程序员永远是被争夺的对象。学习编程还能锻炼思维，使我们的逻辑思维更加严密；能够不断享受到创新的乐趣，将一直有机会走在高科技的前沿，因为程序设计本身是一种创造性的工作。知识经济时代给我们带来了无限的机会，要想真正掌握计算机技术，并在IT行业里干出一番事业来，有所作为，具有一定的编程能力是一个基本条件和要求。 2 ． 打好基础 学编程要具备一定的基础，总结之有以下几方面： （1）数学基础——从计算机发展和应用的历史来看计算机的数学模型和体系结构等都是有数学家提出的，最早的计算机也是为数值计算而设计的。因此，要学好计算机就要有一定的数学基础，出学者有高中水平就差不多了。 （2）逻辑思维能力的培养——学程序设计要有一定的逻辑思维能力，“逻思力”的培养要长时间的实践锻炼。要想成为一名优秀的程序员，最重要的是掌握编程思想。要做到这一点必须在反复的实践、观察、分析、比较、总结中逐渐地积累。因此在学习编程过程中，我们不必等到什么都完全明白了才去动手实践，只要明白了大概，就要敢于自己动手去体验。谁都有第一次。有些问题只有通过实践后才能明白，也只有实践才能把老师和书上的知识变成自己的，高手都是这样成材的。 （3）选择一种合适的入门语言——面对各种各样的语言，应按什么样的顺序学呢？程序设计工具不外乎如下几类： ① 本地开发应用软件开发的工具有：Visual Basic 、Delphi 、VC++ ( C++ Builder ) 等；数据库开发工具有：Visual Foxpro 、Oracle Developer 、Power Builder 等。 ② 跨平台开发开发工具如 Java 等。 3）网络开发对客户端开发工具如：Java Script 等；对服务器开发工具如：PHP 、ASP 、JSP 、ISAPI 、NSAPI 、CGI 等。 以上不同的环境下几种开发工具中 VB 法简单并容易理解，界面设计是可设化的，易学、易用。选 VB 作为入门的方向对出学者是较为适合的。 3 ． 注意理解一些重要概念 一本程序设计的书看到的无非就是变量、函数、条件语句、循环语句等概念，但要真正能进行编程应用，需要深入理解这些概念，在理解的基础上应用，不要只简单地学习语法、结构，而要吃透针对这些语法、结构的应用例子，做到举一反三，触类旁通。 4 ． 掌握编程思想 学习一门语言或开发工具，语法结构、功能调用是次要的，最主要是学习它的思想。例如学习VC就要学习Windows的内在机理、什么是线程．．．．．．；学习COM就要知道VTALBE、类厂、接口．．．．．．，关键是学一种思想，有了思想，那么我们就可以触类旁通。 5 ． 多实践、多交流 掌握编程思想必须在编程实际工作中去实践和体会。编程起步阶段要经常自己动手设计程序，具体设计时不要拘泥于固定的思维方式，遇到问题要多想几种解决的方案。这就要多交流，各人的思维方式不同、角度各异，各有高招，通过交流可不断吸收别人的长处，丰富编程实践，帮助自己提高水平。亲自动手进行程序设计是创造性思维应用的体现，也是培养逻辑思维的好方法。 6 ． 养成良好的编程习惯 编程入门不难，但入门后不断学习是十分重要的，相对来说较为漫长。在此期间要注意养成一些良好的编程习惯。编程风格的好坏很大程度影响程序质量。良好的编程风格可以使程序结构清晰合理，且使程序代码便于维护。如代码的缩进编排、变量命令规则的一致性、代码的注释等。 7 ． 上网学编程 在网上可以学到很多不同的编程思想、方法、经验和技巧，有大量的工具和作品及相关的辅导材料供下载。例如网站“编程课堂”（ http://best.yeah.net/） 主要以 VB 和 Delph；教学和交流为主，提供大量实用技巧；网站“现在时编程学园”（ http://pshool.yeah.net/） 是专门介绍C、VC、VB、Delphi 等的综合编程网站；网站“ VB 编程乐园 ”（ http://www.vbeden.com/） 提供内容丰富而且实用的编程技术文章、精选控件、源代码下载、计算机考试、相关软件以及编程书籍推荐等等。 8 ． 加强计算机理论知识的再学习 学编程是符合“理论→实践→再理论→再实践”的一个认识过程。一开始要具有一定的计算机理论基础知识，包括编程所需的数学基础知识，具备了入门的条件，就可以开始编程的实践，从实践中可以发现问题需要加强计算机理论知识的再学习。程序人人皆可编，但当你发现编到一定程度很难再提高的时候，就要回头来学习一些计算机科学和数学基础理论。学过之后，很多以前遇到的问题都会迎刃而解，使人有豁然开朗之感。因此在学习编程的过程中要不断地针对应用中的困惑和问题深入学习数据结构、算法、计算机原理、编译原理、操作系统原理、软件工程等计算机科学的理论基础和数理逻辑、代数系统、图论、离散数学等数学理论基础知识。这样经过不断的学习，再努力地实践，编程水平一定会不断提高到一个新高度。 学习编程是一件好事 不过之前你得先了解，你学习编程的目的是什么，这个很重要，因为目的决定发展方向。 目前对于编程有很多种编程语言以及相对应的开发软件，下面说明一些常用的编程语言，根据你的情况选一种语言进行学习，不要盲乱学习。 C语言：一种可移植性和多系统平台的编程语言，开发软件，如：TC。 VB：一种可以说是既学既用的软件开发语言，开发软件如：VB 6.0。 DELPHI：一种和VB差不多的既学既用的软件开发语言不过其功能远比，VB强大，代码书写上更加方便，开发软件，如：DELPHI 7.0。 JAVA：一种功能强大可移植性强开发语言。 程序语言，顾名思义就是语言，是用于交流的，程序就是计算机的语言和人的语言的翻译者，做一个程序员就是要把人类世界的问题用计算机的方法去解决和展现，可是因为种种原因，大多数人在如何学好语言，如何学好开发平台上疲于奔命，到头来你只会敲写代码。 程序基本上都是自学的，买书是一开始碰到的最头痛的问题，计算机的书大多都很贵，现将我的一点经验供大家参考： 如果想做一个合格的程序员，C++是一定要学的， 首先你要花两个月的时间学习C、C++，这样的书很多，去选一些大学的教材足亦，切记，不要花过多的时间研究C++，两个月够了，只要学会其中语法就行了，不要为了深入用DOS编写菜单什么的，那是吃饱人参了。 如果你有过多的时间，接下来你可以学习数据结构，推崇《数据结构C++语言描述》，清华大学出版，但如果无过多时间，还是不看为妙，至少我现在从未用过这本书的知识，许多东西MFC VCL等开发平台都为你已经做好。 接下来开始学习Windows下的SDK编程, 推崇《Windows程序设计》，建议去借，不要买，而且你只看上册，你只要了解Windows的运作机制即可。两个月后，你将转入VC的世界，既然要在Windows下编程，VC不可不学, 推崇《VC++技术内幕》第四版，三个月，不要全部看，看前面的三部分，后面不要看。后面的只是对COM，数据库，Internet形如鸡肋的介绍。 接下来你应该考虑一下你将要发展的方向，如果是做数据库，你可以用VB和Delphi或CB，如果要做通信方面，或者硬件，你将要深入VC，如果是WEB相关的，去学学ASP、JAVA、JSP、XML等，但有一样你必须要学的，COM。COM与其说是一样新的技术，还不如说是种机制，推崇潘爱民的《COM原理和应用》，你可以一边看这本书，一边学习些ActiveX组件，ATL控件等等。如果你有的是时间，不急于找工作，你还可以看看《Windows高级编程》或《Windows核心编程》，但不管怎么样，你要切记，VC不是用来做界面和数据库的，做网络的现在也有JAVA，都是用来做一些很底层的东西，VC是很高薪的，如果你对自己有充分的信心和有的是时间，你才可以深入VC。否则的话，还是看看人才市场，看看行情，再说。 还有一点切记，有些书，诸如《MFC深入浅出》这些书主要是关于那些技术原理的介绍，我个人认为程序只是工具，只是技术，只要学会用，能完成任务即可，如果有的是时间，才会去探索根源，也许有许多人会说，懂了原理对你编程会有很大帮助，我不否认，但是，要知道，就算你编程技术如何了得，你只是个技术人员，当你学了那么多的技术和知识，第一，计算机的知识其实是各大公司制定出的标准，标准变了，你不是白学了吗？第二，当你花了几年的时间学习，到头来你只不过程序水平提高一点。我认为应当将你的大部分智力和精力用在如何与人打交道，电脑让你用的好有什么用，人脑让你摆弄的好才算真本事，就如《黑冰》里面的计算机工程师，虽然对计算机十分精通，可有什么用，还不是死在王志文的手里？而且死的很惨，脸都毁了。 另外，不要去学你喜欢的，也不要去费劲脑子想该学什么，看看人才市场，市场需要什么，你学什么。