① java，线程Thread(Runnable target)
你的理解很正确，只要是实现了Runnable接口的类都可以传进去。
这个参数可以是API中已经有的，也可以是自己写的。
常用的创建线程的方法有两种，第一种就是继承Thread类，直接new
出来就可以，Thread类本身也实现了Runnable接口。
第二种方法就是实现Runnable接口里面的run方法。
语法正如你的代码一样
② java线程与操作系统线程
java线程管理是JVM的一部分，虽然大部分JVM直接映射java线程到底层系统线程，但是还是java的线程管理决定谁有机会运行
The thread scheler is the part of the JVM (although most JVMs map Java threads directly to native threads on the underlying OS) that decides which thread should run at any given moment, and also takes threads out of the run state. Assuming a single processor machine, only one thread can actually run at a time. Only one stack can ever be executing at one time. And it's the thread scheler that decides which thread—of all that are eligible—will actually run.
③ java中thread的start和run的区别
java中thread的start()和run()的区别：
1.start（）方法来启动线程，真正实现了多线程运行，这时无需等待run方法体代码执行完毕而直接继续执行下面的代码：
通过调用Thread类的start()方法来启动一个线程，
这时此线程是处于就绪状态，
并没有运行。
然后通过此Thread类调用方法run()来完成其运行操作的，
这里方法run()称为线程体，
它包含了要执行的这个线程的内容，
Run方法运行结束，
此线程终止，
而CPU再运行其它线程，
2.run（）方法当作普通方法的方式调用，程序还是要顺序执行，还是要等待run方法体执行完毕后才可继续执行下面的代码：
而如果直接用Run方法，
这只是调用一个方法而已，
程序中依然只有主线程--这一个线程，
其程序执行路径还是只有一条，
这样就没有达到写线程的目的。
举例说明一下：
记住：线程就是为了更好地利用CPU，
提高程序运行速率的！
public class TestThread1{
public static void main(String[] args){
Runner1 r=new Runner1();
//r.run();//这是方法调用，而不是开启一个线程
Thread t=new Thread(r);//调用了Thread(Runnable target)方法。且父类对象变量指向子类对象。
t.start();
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
System.out.println("进入Main Thread运行状态");
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
class Runner1 implements Runnable{ //实现了这个接口，jdk就知道这个类是一个线程
public void run(){
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
System.out.println("进入Runner1运行状态");
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
同时摘取一段外文网站论坛上的解释：
Why do we need start() method in Thread class? In Java API description for Thread class is written : "Java Virtual Machine calls the run method of this thread..".
Couldn't we call method run() ourselves, without doing double call: first we call start() method which calls run() method? What is a meaning to do things such complicate?
There is some very small but important difference between using start() and run() methods. Look at two examples below:
Example one:
Code:
Thread one = new Thread();
Thread two = new Thread();
one.run();
two.run();
Example two:
Code:
Thread one = new Thread();
Thread two = new Thread();
one.start();
two.start();
The result of running examples will be different.
In Example one the threads will run sequentially: first, thread number one runs, when it exits the thread number two starts.
In Example two both threads start and run simultaneously.
Conclusion: the start() method call run() method asynchronously (does not wait for any result, just fire up an action), while we run run() method synchronously - we wait when it quits and only then we can run the next line of our code.
Thread对象的run()方法在一种循环下，使线程一直运行，直到不满足条件为止，在你的main()里创建并运行了一些线程，调用Thread类的start（）方法将为线程执行特殊的初始化的过程，来配置线程，然后由线程执行机制调用run（）。如果你不调用start（）线程就不会启动。
因为线程调度机制的行为是不确定的，所以每次运行该程序都会有不同的结果，你可以把你的循环次数增多些，然后看看执行的结果，你会发现main（）的线程和Thread1是交替运行的。
4.还有就是尽管线程的调度顺序是不固定的，但是如果有很多线程被阻塞等待运行，调度程序将会让优先级高的线程先执行，而优先级低的线程执行的频率会低一些。
④ Java实现通用线程池
线程池通俗的描述就是预先创建若干空闲线程 等到需要用多线程去处理事务的时候去唤醒某些空闲线程执行处理任务 这样就省去了频繁创建线程的时间 因为频 繁创建线程是要耗费大量的CPU资源的 如果一个应用程序需要频繁地处理大量并发事务 不断的创建销毁线程往往会大大地降低系统的效率 这时候线程池就派 上用场了
本文旨在使用Java语言编写一个通用的线程池 当需要使用线程池处理事务时 只需按照指定规范封装好事务处理对象 然后用已有的线程池对象去自动选择空 闲线程自动调用事务处理对象即可 并实现线程池的动态修改（修改当前线程数 最大线程数等） 下面是实现代码
//ThreadTask java
package polarman threadpool;
/** *//**
*线程任务
* @author ryang
*
*/
public interface ThreadTask {
public void run();
}
//PooledThread java
package polarman threadpool;
import java util Collection; import java util Vector;
/** *//**
*接受线程池管理的线程
* @author ryang
*
*/
public class PooledThread extends Thread {
protected Vector tasks = new Vector();
protected boolean running = false;
protected boolean stopped = false;
protected boolean paused = false;
protected boolean killed = false;
private ThreadPool pool;
public PooledThread(ThreadPool pool) { this pool = pool;
}
public void putTask(ThreadTask task) { tasks add(task);
}
public void putTasks(ThreadTask[] tasks) { for(int i= ; i<tasks length; i++) this tasks add(tasks[i]);
}
public void putTasks(Collection tasks) { this tasks addAll(tasks);
}
protected ThreadTask popTask() { if(tasks size() > ) return (ThreadTask)tasks remove( );
else
return null;
}
public boolean isRunning() {
return running;
}
public void stopTasks() {
stopped = true;
}
public void stopTasksSync() {
stopTasks();
while(isRunning()) { try {
sleep( );
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
public void pauseTasks() {
paused = true;
}
public void pauseTasksSync() {
pauseTasks();
while(isRunning()) { try {
sleep( );
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
public void kill() { if(!running)
interrupt();
else
killed = true;
}
public void killSync() {
kill();
while(isAlive()) { try {
sleep( );
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
public synchronized void startTasks() {
running = true;
this notify();
}
public synchronized void run() { try { while(true) { if(!running || tasks size() == ) { pool notifyForIdleThread(); //System out println(Thread currentThread() getId() + : 空闲 ); this wait(); }else {
ThreadTask task;
while((task = popTask()) != null) { task run(); if(stopped) {
stopped = false;
if(tasks size() > ) { tasks clear(); System out println(Thread currentThread() getId() + : Tasks are stopped );
break;
}
}
if(paused) {
paused = false;
if(tasks size() > ) { System out println(Thread currentThread() getId() + : Tasks are paused );
break;
}
}
}
running = false;
}
if(killed) {
killed = false;
break;
}
}
}catch(InterruptedException e) {
return;
}
//System out println(Thread currentThread() getId() + : Killed );
}
}
//ThreadPool java
package polarman threadpool;
import java util Collection; import java util Iterator; import java util Vector;
/** *//**
*线程池
* @author ryang
*
*/
public class ThreadPool {
protected int maxPoolSize;
protected int initPoolSize;
protected Vector threads = new Vector();
protected boolean initialized = false;
protected boolean hasIdleThread = false;
public ThreadPool(int maxPoolSize int initPoolSize) { this maxPoolSize = maxPoolSize; this initPoolSize = initPoolSize;
}
public void init() {
initialized = true;
for(int i= ; i<initPoolSize; i++) {
PooledThread thread = new PooledThread(this);
thread start(); threads add(thread);
}
//System out println( 线程池初始化结束 线程数= + threads size() + 最大线程数= + maxPoolSize);
}
public void setMaxPoolSize(int maxPoolSize) { //System out println( 重设最大线程数 最大线程数= + maxPoolSize); this maxPoolSize = maxPoolSize;
if(maxPoolSize < getPoolSize())
setPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
}
/** *//**
*重设当前线程数
* 若需杀掉某线程 线程不会立刻杀掉 而会等到线程中的事务处理完成* 但此方法会立刻从线程池中移除该线程 不会等待事务处理结束
* @param size
*/
public void setPoolSize(int size) { if(!initialized) {
initPoolSize = size;
return;
}else if(size > getPoolSize()) { for(int i=getPoolSize(); i<size && i<maxPoolSize; i++) {
PooledThread thread = new PooledThread(this);
thread start(); threads add(thread);
}
}else if(size < getPoolSize()) { while(getPoolSize() > size) { PooledThread th = (PooledThread)threads remove( ); th kill();
}
}
//System out println( 重设线程数 线程数= + threads size());
}
public int getPoolSize() { return threads size();
}
protected void notifyForIdleThread() {
hasIdleThread = true;
}
protected boolean waitForIdleThread() {
hasIdleThread = false;
while(!hasIdleThread && getPoolSize() >= maxPoolSize) { try { Thread sleep( ); } catch (InterruptedException e) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public synchronized PooledThread getIdleThread() { while(true) { for(Iterator itr=erator(); itr hasNext();) { PooledThread th = (PooledThread)itr next(); if(!th isRunning())
return th;
}
if(getPoolSize() < maxPoolSize) {
PooledThread thread = new PooledThread(this);
thread start(); threads add(thread);
return thread;
}
//System out println( 线程池已满 等待 );
if(waitForIdleThread() == false)
return null;
}
}
public void processTask(ThreadTask task) {
PooledThread th = getIdleThread();
if(th != null) { th putTask(task); th startTasks();
}
}
public void processTasksInSingleThread(ThreadTask[] tasks) {
PooledThread th = getIdleThread();
if(th != null) { th putTasks(tasks); th startTasks();
}
}
public void processTasksInSingleThread(Collection tasks) {
PooledThread th = getIdleThread();
if(th != null) { th putTasks(tasks); th startTasks();
}
}
}
下面是线程池的测试程序
//ThreadPoolTest java
import java io BufferedReader; import java io IOException; import java io InputStreamReader;
import polarman threadpool ThreadPool; import polarman threadpool ThreadTask;
public class ThreadPoolTest {
public static void main(String[] args) { System out println( quit 退出 ); System out println( task A 启动任务A 时长为 秒 ); System out println( size 设置当前线程池大小为 ); System out println( max 设置线程池最大线程数为 ); System out println();
final ThreadPool pool = new ThreadPool( ); pool init();
Thread cmdThread = new Thread() { public void run() {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System in));
while(true) { try { String line = reader readLine(); String words[] = line split( ); if(words[ ] equalsIgnoreCase( quit )) { System exit( ); }else if(words[ ] equalsIgnoreCase( size ) && words length >= ) { try { int size = Integer parseInt(words[ ]); pool setPoolSize(size); }catch(Exception e) {
}
}else if(words[ ] equalsIgnoreCase( max ) && words length >= ) { try { int max = Integer parseInt(words[ ]); pool setMaxPoolSize(max); }catch(Exception e) {
}
}else if(words[ ] equalsIgnoreCase( task ) && words length >= ) { try { int timelen = Integer parseInt(words[ ]); SimpleTask task = new SimpleTask(words[ ] timelen * ); pool processTask(task); }catch(Exception e) {
}
}
} catch (IOException e) { e printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
cmdThread start();
/**//*
for(int i= ; i< ; i++){
SimpleTask task = new SimpleTask( Task + i (i+ )* ); pool processTask(task);
}*/
}
}
class SimpleTask implements ThreadTask {
private String taskName;
private int timeLen;
public SimpleTask(String taskName int timeLen) { this taskName = taskName; this timeLen = timeLen;
}
public void run() { System out println(Thread currentThread() getId() +
: START TASK + taskName + );
try { Thread sleep(timeLen); } catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System out println(Thread currentThread() getId() +
: END TASK + taskName + );
}
}
使用此线程池相当简单 下面两行代码初始化线程池
ThreadPool pool = new ThreadPool( ); pool init();
要处理的任务实现ThreadTask 接口即可（如测试代码里的SimpleTask） 这个接口只有一个方法run()
两行代码即可调用
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