android44kernel

Ⅰ android操作系统是基于linux Kernel是什么意思

每一个操作系统都有不同的内核。像Windows每个版本的内核都不同，而Mac OX用的是Unix的内核，Linux用的是Linux内核。而Android操作系统的内核是Linux，但是他不是一种Linux操作系统。

Ⅱ android 怎样编译kernel 命令 make

方法如下：
在Linux的环境下:
建立目录:

mkdir ~/android-kernel cd android-kernel

下载源代码, 大概有280MB, 慢慢等哈~~~ (当然你要先安装git) git clone git://git.linuxtogo.org/home/groups/mobile-linux/kernel.git
类似的屏幕信息:
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/user/android-kernel/kernel/.git/ remote: Counting objects: 908251, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (153970/153970), done.
remote: Total 908251 (delta 755115), reused 906063 (delta 753016) Receiving objects: 100% (908251/908251), 281.86 MiB | 292 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (755115/755115), done. Checking out files: 100% (22584/22584), done.
然后去到htc-msm branch: cd kernel
git checkout -b htc-msm origin/htc-msm
屏幕信息:
Branch htc-msm set up to track remote branch refs/remotes/origin/htc-msm. Switched to a new branch "htc-msm"

下载ARM的toolchain, 大概64MB左右, 下到~/android-kernel: 下
载
:
http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/portal/package2549/public/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/arm-2008q1-126-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2

cd ~/android-kernel
tar xjf arm-2008q1-126-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
编译kernel

准备缺省的Kaiser 配置文件.config
cd ~/android-kernel/kernel

make htckaiser_defconfig ARCH=arm
然后编译zImage:
export PATH=~/android-kernel/arm-2008q1/bin:$PATH
make zImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
编译好的在: ~/android-kernel/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage

如果你的机器是多核的, 可以编译的时候用-j <cores/cpus_number>来加速:
比如, 双核的可以:
make -j 2 zImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi
满意请采纳谢谢

Ⅲ android kernel和标准linux kernel的区别

android kernel和标准linux kernel的区别
总的区别可以归纳如下：
ARCH -- 这是Android修改了arch/arm下面的一些文件：
arch/arm:
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/mole.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/process.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/ptrace.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
Chg: arch/arm/mm/cache-v6.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/entry.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfp.h
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmole.c
Goldfish -- 这是Android为了模拟器所开发的一个虚拟硬件平台。Goldfish执行arm926T指令（在2.6.29中，goldfish也支持ATMv7指令），但是在实际的设备中，该虚拟平台的文件不会被编译。
arch/arm/mach-goldfish:
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/audio.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/board-goldfish.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pdev_bus.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pm.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/switch.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/timer.c
YAFFS2 -- 和PC把文件存储在硬盘上不一样， 移动设备一般把Flash作为存储设备。尤其是NAND flash应用非常广泛（绝大多数手机用的都是NAND flash，三星的一些手机使用的是OneNAND）。NAND flash具有低成本和高密度的优点。
YAFFS2 是“Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition" 的简称。 它提供在Linux内核和NAND flash设备 之前高效率的接口。 YAFFS2并没有包含在标准的Linux内核中， Google把它添加到了Android的kernel
fs/yaffs2:
New: fs/yaffs2/devextras.h
New: fs/yaffs2/Kconfig
New: fs/yaffs2/Makefile
New: fs/yaffs2/moleconfig.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_fs.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_getblockinfo.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffsinterface.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nandemul2k.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yportenv.h
Bluetooth -- Google为Bluetooth打上了patch，fix了一些Bluetooth的bug
drivers/bluetooth:
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bfusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_h4.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_ll.c
Scheler -- 对于Scheler的改变非常小，我对它并没有去研究。
Chg: kernel/sched.c

New Android Functionality -- 除了fix一些bug以及其他一些小的更改，Android增加了一些新的功能，介绍如下：
IPC Binder -- The IPC Binder is an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism. It allows processes to provide services to other processes via a set of higher-level APIs than are available in standard Linux. An Internet search indicated that the Binder concept originated at Be, Inc., and then made its way into Palm's software, before Google wrote a new Binder for Android.
New: drivers/staging/android/binder.c
Low Memory Killer -- Android adds a low-memory killer that, each time it's called, scans the list of running Linux processes, and kills one. It was not clear in our cursory examination why Android adds a low-memory killer on top of the already existing one in the standard Linux kernel.
New: drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c
Ashmem -- Ashmem is an Anonymous SHared MEMory system that adds interfaces so processes can share named blocks of memory. As an example, the system could use Ashmem to store icons, which multiple processes could then access when drawing their UI. The advantage of Ashmem over traditional Linux shared memory is that it provides a means for the kernel to reclaim these shared memory blocks if they are not currently in use. If a process then tries to access a shared memory block the kernel has freed, it will receive an error, and will then need to reallocate the block and reload the data.
New: mm/ashmem.c
RAM Console and Log Device -- To aid in debugging, Android adds the ability to store kernel log messages to a RAM buffer. Additionally, Android adds a separate logging mole so that user processes can read and write user log messages.
New: drivers/staging/android/ram_console.c
Android Debug Bridge -- Debugging embedded devices can best be described as challenging. To make debugging easier, Google created the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), which is a protocol that runs over a USB link between a hardware device running Android and a developer writing applications on a desktop PC.
drivers/usb/gadget:
New: drivers/usb/gadget/android.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.h

Android also adds a new real-time clock, switch support, and timed GPIO support. We list the impacted files for these new moles at the end of this document.
Power Management -- Power management is one of the most difficult pieces to get right in mobile devices, so we split it out into a group separate from the other pieces. It's interesting to note that Google added a new power management system to Linux, rather than reuse what already existed. We list the impacted files at the end of this document.
kernel/power:
New: kernel/power/consoleearlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/fbearlysuspend.c
Chg: kernel/power/main.c
Chg: kernel/power/power.h
Chg: kernel/power/process.c
New: kernel/power/userwakelock.c
New: kernel/power/wakelock.c
Miscellaneous Changes -- In addition to the above, we found a number of changes that could best be described as, 'Miscellaneous.' Among other things, these changes include additional debugging support, keypad light controls, and management of TCP networking.
(freedom_asic)

Ⅳ Android系统启动到kernel一般需要多长时间

这个要根据你的手机来判断。你的手机如果说CPU好的话。内存高的话，启动的速度就快。CPU如果说不好的话，一般般的话，启动的速度肯定会慢一点。

Ⅳ android kernel和标准linux kernel的区别

android kernel和标准linux kernel的区别
总的区别可以归纳如下：
ARCH -- 这是Android修改了arch/arm下面的一些文件：
arch/arm:
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/mole.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/process.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/ptrace.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
Chg: arch/arm/mm/cache-v6.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/entry.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfp.h
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmole.c
Goldfish -- 这是Android为了模拟器所开发的一个虚拟硬件平台。Goldfish执行arm926T指令（在2.6.29中，goldfish也支持ATMv7指令），但是在实际的设备中，该虚拟平台的文件不会被编译。
arch/arm/mach-goldfish:
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/audio.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/board-goldfish.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pdev_bus.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pm.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/switch.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/timer.c
YAFFS2 -- 和PC把文件存储在硬盘上不一样， 移动设备一般把Flash作为存储设备。尤其是NAND flash应用非常广泛（绝大多数手机用的都是NAND flash，三星的一些手机使用的是OneNAND）。NAND flash具有低成本和高密度的优点。
YAFFS2 是“Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition" 的简称。 它提供在Linux内核和NAND flash设备 之前高效率的接口。 YAFFS2并没有包含在标准的Linux内核中， Google把它添加到了Android的kernel
fs/yaffs2:
New: fs/yaffs2/devextras.h
New: fs/yaffs2/Kconfig
New: fs/yaffs2/Makefile
New: fs/yaffs2/moleconfig.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_fs.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_getblockinfo.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffsinterface.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nandemul2k.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yportenv.h
Bluetooth -- Google为Bluetooth打上了patch，fix了一些Bluetooth的bug
drivers/bluetooth:
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bfusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_h4.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_ll.c
Scheler -- 对于Scheler的改变非常小，我对它并没有去研究。
Chg: kernel/sched.c

New Android Functionality -- 除了fix一些bug以及其他一些小的更改，Android增加了一些新的功能，介绍如下：
IPC Binder -- The IPC Binder is an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism. It allows processes to provide services to other processes via a set of higher-level APIs than are available in standard Linux. An Internet search indicated that the Binder concept originated at Be, Inc., and then made its way into Palm's software, before Google wrote a new Binder for Android.
New: drivers/staging/android/binder.c
Low Memory Killer -- Android adds a low-memory killer that, each time it's called, scans the list of running Linux processes, and kills one. It was not clear in our cursory examination why Android adds a low-memory killer on top of the already existing one in the standard Linux kernel.
New: drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c
Ashmem -- Ashmem is an Anonymous SHared MEMory system that adds interfaces so processes can share named blocks of memory. As an example, the system could use Ashmem to store icons, which multiple processes could then access when drawing their UI. The advantage of Ashmem over traditional Linux shared memory is that it provides a means for the kernel to reclaim these shared memory blocks if they are not currently in use. If a process then tries to access a shared memory block the kernel has freed, it will receive an error, and will then need to reallocate the block and reload the data.
New: mm/ashmem.c
RAM Console and Log Device -- To aid in debugging, Android adds the ability to store kernel log messages to a RAM buffer. Additionally, Android adds a separate logging mole so that user processes can read and write user log messages.
New: drivers/staging/android/ram_console.c
Android Debug Bridge -- Debugging embedded devices can best be described as challenging. To make debugging easier, Google created the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), which is a protocol that runs over a USB link between a hardware device running Android and a developer writing applications on a desktop PC.
drivers/usb/gadget:
New: drivers/usb/gadget/android.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.h

Android also adds a new real-time clock, switch support, and timed GPIO support. We list the impacted files for these new moles at the end of this document.
Power Management -- Power management is one of the most difficult pieces to get right in mobile devices, so we split it out into a group separate from the other pieces. It's interesting to note that Google added a new power management system to Linux, rather than reuse what already existed. We list the impacted files at the end of this document.
kernel/power:
New: kernel/power/consoleearlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/fbearlysuspend.c
Chg: kernel/power/main.c
Chg: kernel/power/power.h
Chg: kernel/power/process.c
New: kernel/power/userwakelock.c
New: kernel/power/wakelock.c
Miscellaneous Changes -- In addition to the above, we found a number of changes that could best be described as, 'Miscellaneous.' Among other things, these changes include additional debugging support, keypad light controls, and management of TCP networking.
(freedom_asic)

Ⅵ android kernel 怎样反编译

好像不能反编译吧，自己到xda论坛找源码。如果手机厂官方没有公开源码，也没办法了

Ⅶ 如何编译Android的kernel

1.准备工作： （ubuntu1110 32位）
ubuntu等linuxOS，下载好eclipse，安装好JDK， 安装好android的SDK， 在eclipse中成功打开android 手机模拟器即OK。

2.初始化编译环境 ：
关注该网页上的“installing required packages”,其中有的软件包因为版本问题而安装不上，不用管它，之后遇到错误再单独解决。

3.下载内核源码：
android 2.3 内核 下载需要等待一段时间。

4.下载交叉编译器：
该步骤有可能耗费大量时间，依据网速不同，几个小时到几天不等，或许可以尝试git clone 后面的地址只下载prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain

5.设置参数以及编译：
$ export ARCH=arm
$ export SUBARCH=arm
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-eabi-
$ cd goldfish // 进入下载的源代码目录
$ git checkout <commit_from_first_step> //这个步骤我没有做，不知道干嘛用的
$ make goldfish_defconfig
$ make

6.报错信息：
若有报错说找不到 （arm-eabi-gcc command not found）等等，尝试使用采用另外一个交叉编译器。

7.测试：

最后，测试一下刚才编译的内核：emulator -avd myavd -kernel ~/goldfish/arch/arm/boot/zImageemulator若系统找不到，可以去android SDK中某文件夹找到，加入系统PATH即可。 -avd后面的参数 myavd即为模拟器的名字，这个我是在eclipse中的模拟器管理中新建的一个模拟器，用那个模拟器的名字即可。 -kernel后面的参数就找到刚才编译出的内核的路径。
若启动模拟器失败，可尝试关闭后再启动。第一次启动模拟器时可能需要等待比较长的时间。