linux安装xterm

⑴ 怎么在linux上装nctuns

# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make mkinitrd

如果不能联网，请从前述下载的iso镜像文件中(Fedora-10-i386-DVD.iso-3.41G)，拷取package中相应的gcc包和gcc-c++包，需要说明的是，如果你想安装NCTUns 6.0，最好使用Fedora 12，否则需要将gcc-c++更新至更高的版本。

拷出相迅孙腊应包后，安装rpm包及相关的依赖包：

#rpm –ivh packagename.rpm

大概安装readline-devel 、ncurses-devel、gcc、gcc-c++、glibc-devel、glibc-headers、kernel-headers、libstdc、ncurses-devel、readline-devel、rpm-libs等包

安装好常用包后，我们就可以着手安装NCTUns了

下载 NCTUns5.0-allinone-linux-2.6.27.7-f10.20090709.tar.gz(我好像改过文件名了~)，解压缩并运行亩滑安装程序：

# tar zxvf NCTUns5.0-allinone-linux-2.6.27.7-f10.20090709.tar.gz

# cd NCTUns-5.0/

# sh install.sh

大概5-6分钟后，安装完毕，我们重新启动

# reboot

重启，选择NCTUns内核，运行 NCTUns 会出现下面问题：

failed to load the logo以及cannot find the file containing the mole list的提示

大家注意：这里我们必须以root身份运行！

切换到root身份，重新运行NCTUns，熟悉的GUI出现了

如果重启后运行 NCTUns出现下面问题：

$ /usr/local/nctuns/bin/nctunsclient

/usr/local/nctuns/bin/nctunsclient.bin: error while loading shared libraries:

libqt-mt.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

则需要修改 .bashrc 配置文件：

$ vi .bashrc

export NCTUNSHOME=/usr/local/nctuns

export NCTUNS_BIN=/usr/local/nctuns/bin

export NCTUNS_TOOLS=/usr/local/nctuns/tools

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nctuns/lib

提醒大家：以root用户打开run simulation时，GUI所需密码默认是nctuns。请注意区别！

(附安装后常见问题：

1、How to solve "login failed. please check your username and password" problem

It is because the account/password doesn't match with the user information in the dispatcher setting.

To solve the problem, run the nctunsclient and then goto G_Setting -> Dispatcher.

Under user information, give an ordinary username and its password (the account can't be root).

Of course, the ordinary user account should be previously created in your linux machine.

2、How to solve "No Idle Server"凯漏 error

The no idle server shows up may be the reason that the program terminates unexpectedly on the previous simulation.

You can use "ps aux | grep nctuns" to see what programs are still running and then use "killall [ProgramName]" to kill that process.

Example: killall stg

3、出现了“Connect to Dispatcher at 127.0.0.1:9800 failed”，

执行Dispatcher,，还要另外开启coordinator才能run simulation，注意，要开三个终端，其中一个开Dispatcher，一个开coordinator，一个执行Nctuns

4、以root身份登录fedora 10

编辑/etc/pam.d/gdm，注释或删除：

# auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet

有时可能还要编辑/etc/pam.d/gdm~注释或删除：

# auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet

保存文件后，登出GUI后，即可用root登录GUI了。

5、安装文件中readme关于环境的设置

Before running all of the NCTUns 5.0 programs, three environment

variables must be set.

If you install the NCTUns 5.0 package into the default

/usr/local/nctuns directory, in the following description

${where-you-install} should be replaced with /usr/local/nctuns.

NCTUNSHOME should be set to ${where-you-install}, NCTUNS_TOOLS

should be set to ${where-you-install}/tools, and NCTUNS_BIN

should be set to ${where-you-install/bin

E.g., if you use tcsh, you can add the following lines to your

.cshrc shell configuration file

setenv NCTUNSHOME ${where-you-install}

setenv NCTUNS_TOOLS ${where-you-install}/tools

setenv NCTUNS_BIN ${where-you-install}/bin

E.g., if you use bash, you can add the following lines to your

.bashrc shell file

export NCTUNSHOME=${where-you-install}

export NCTUNS_TOOLS=${where-you-install}/tools

export NCTUNS_BIN=${where-you-install}/bin

You can also use the ${where-you-install}/etc/nctuns.{csh|bash} to

help you set all environment variables

E.g., if you use tcsh, you can add the following lines to your

.cshrc shell configuration file

source ${where-you-install}/etc/nctuns.csh

E.g., if you use bash, you can add the following lines to your

.bashrc shell configuration file

source ${where-you-install}/etc/nctuns.bash

If you do not add these commands to your .cshrc or .bashrc file,

you will need to manually set these variables in each opened

xterm window before executing a NCTUns 5.0 program.

）

⑵ MobaXterm登陆Win10 Linux子系统

前文连接： Win10子系统-Linux安装使用

说明： 虽然win10自带的bash功能已经很丰富，操作也简便，不过习惯了用MobaXterm, 还是选择用MobaXterm来操作,但此时我们之间通过MobaXterm连接 本机IP+端口22 提示连接失败，说明应该粗姿是ubuntu的sshd服务设置有问题的。

解决方式如下：

1、安宴启装SSH apt-get install openssh-server

2、备份sshd配置文件：

 岩祥绝   cd /etc/ssh

    #备份

    sudo cp sshd_config sshd_config.baksudo vim sshd_config

3、修改sshd配置文件：

    Port 2233 #修改端口

    ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #打开本地监听#

    StrictModes yes #注释掉

    PasswordAuthentication yes #允许密码登陆

4、重启ssh

    sudo service ssh restart

⑶ 怎么在linux下安装oracle数据库

方法/步骤

1. 首先需要检查电脑硬件是否满足安装的要求

   

   ⑷ linux系统里wine怎么安装

   先说命令行的问题
   在“运行命令行”里输入"xterm"
   就可以看到一个简陋的虚拟终端
   而按下Ctrl+Alt+F1就可以切换到真正的终端
   （按Ctrl+Alt+F7切换回来）
   
   红旗安装程序挺麻烦的
   如果安装RPM软件包，命令格式是
   rpm -ivh 文件名
   安装TAR格式源码包
   先是
   configure
   如果没有错误信息就是
   make
   再后就是
   make install
   #
   如果是Debian或ubuntu就简单多了
   不用自己下载软件
   直接是一个
   apt-get install 软件名
   就下载安装
   升级就用
   apt-get upgrade
   APT具有超级牛力，简直是神的指令
   #
   
   wine模拟的Win32 PE格式程序运行不稳定
   所以flashget你用不上了
   就是能运行恐怕也是频频退出
   Linux下大家都用Downloader For X下载HTTP/FTP资源
   用aMule下载电驴资源
   用Azureus下载BT资源
   
   QQ就算了把
   我一直使用VMware Workststion模拟Windows
   再在Win上运行QQ的
   不过也可用EvaQQ
   至于Wine模拟QQ，很容易死掉的
   我就不误人子弟了

   ⑸ linux系统VNC安装不上（急）请高手指教

   三种解决方法：

   1. 使用命令

      yum install VNC-Server

   2. 到你的安装系统的文件内查找xterm 及 tigervnc-server

      #find /xxx -name "xterm"

      #find /xxx -name "tigervnc-server"

      记下这个路径，再安装(若你没有的话，就从网上下载这两个文件吧)

      #rpm -ivh xterm-xxx-rpm

      #rpm -ivh xterm-xxx-rpm

   3. 使用命令，忽略包的依赖性，有可能会使程序某些功能不能正常使用

      rpm -ivh VNC-Server-5.0.5-Linux-x86.rpm --nodeps

   ⑹ Linux7.8下静默安装oracle11.2

   一、使用脚本初始化环境
   
   脚本如下：（标红处修改对应的配置需求）
   
   #!/bin/bash
   
   #1.配置主机名/etc/hosts 并关闭瞎尺防火墙及selinux
   
   echo ' 172.168.0.xx linux.tk ' >> /etc/hosts
   
   #注意修改为服务器的ip和主机名
   
   systemctl stop firewalld
   
   systemctl disable firewalld
   
   setenforce 0
   
   #sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
   
   #2.安装相关软件包
   
   yum -y install telnet vim lszrz gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel
   
   elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh lio lio-devel numactl-devel sysstat
   
   unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel wget unzip
   
   #3.配置内核参数
   
   echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >>散神胡 /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   sysctl -p
   
   #4.oracle用户资源限制
   
   echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
   
   echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
   
   echo "oracle soft nofile 4096" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
   
   echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
   
   #5.登录配置
   
   echo "session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so" >冲拦> /etc/pam.d/login
   
   echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
   
   #改授权
   
   echo "if [ $USER = 'oracle' ];then" >> /etc/profile
   
   echo "if [ $SHELL = '/bin/ksh' ];then" >> /etc/profile
   
   echo "ulimit -p 16384" >> /etc/profile
   
   echo "ulimit -n 65536" >> /etc/profile
   
   echo "else" >> /etc/profile
   
   echo "ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536" >> /etc/profile
   
   echo "fi" >> /etc/profile
   
   echo "fi" >> /etc/profile
   
   source /etc/profile
   
   #6.创建用户组和用户
   
   groupadd oinstall
   
   groupadd dba
   
   groupadd oper
   
   useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
   
   echo 'oracle' | passwd --stdin oracle
   
   #7.创建相关目录
   
   mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
   
   mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
   
   chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
   
   #8.配置oracle用户环境变量
   
   echo "ORACLE_SID=ora; export ORACLE_SID" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   #sid指定为现场的sid
   
   echo "ORACLE_BASE= /u01/app/oracle ; export ORACLE_BASE" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ proct/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ; export ORACLE_HOME" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export PATH " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export CLASSPATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss' " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export nls_date_format " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export TEMP=/tmp " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "export TMPDIR=/tmp " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   echo "umask 022 " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
   
   source ~/.bash_profile
   
   二、上传或者下载oracle安装包并解压，例如放置在/opt/目录下
   
   unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
   
   unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
   
   直接在目录解压，会在当前目录中生成database目录
   
   三、修改应答文件安装数据库软件
   
   修改前建议先备份下
   
   cp /opt/database/response/*.rsp /opt/database/rspbak
   
   3.1、生成修改响应文件（/opt/database/response/db_install.rsp）
   
   备注：清空源文件，复制粘贴如下内容（标红处需要修改对应的设置需求）：
   
   oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
   
   oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
   
   ORACLE_HOSTNAME= linux.tk
   
   UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
   
   INVENTORY_LOCATION= /u01/app/oraInventory
   
   SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
   
   ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/proct/11.2.0/dbhome_1
   
   ORACLE_BASE= /u01/app/oracle
   
   oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
   
   oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
   
   oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:10.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
   
   oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
   
   oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
   
   DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
   
   oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
   
   3.2、开始安装
   
   1）、用oracle用户登录操作
   
   # su - oracle
   
   $ cd /opt/database
   
   $ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
   
   2）、在安装过程中可以新开会话，使用tailf 命令查看进度
   
   # tailf /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-XX-XX_03-28-06PM.log
   
   提示安装结束，需要在root用户执行两个脚本，如下：
   
   # /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
   
   # /u01/app/oracle/proct/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
   
   四、修改应答文件安装数据库实例（/opt/database/response/dbca.rsp）
   
   安装实例前，需要新建一个实例存放的目录（/home/OracleData/），如下：
   
   # mkdir /home/OracleData
   
   # chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/OracleData/
   
   4.1、修改应答文件
   
   [GENERAL]
   
   RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
   
   OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
   
   [CREATEDATABASE]
   
   GDBNAME = "ora"
   
   SID = "ora"
   
   TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
   
   SYSPASSWORD = "***012"
   
   SYSTEMPASSWORD = "***012"
   
   DATAFILEDESTINATION = /home/OracleData/
   
   RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
   
   CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
   
   TOTALMEMORY = "2048"
   
   4.2、建实例,登录oracle用户
   
   # su - oracle
   
   $ dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp
   
   此安装过程是有进度显示，不用tailf查看，不过也可以查看对应的log日志查看进度
   
   4.3、删除实例
   
   编辑应答文件
   
   #vim /opt/database/response/del_dbca.rsp
   
   [GENERAL]
   
   RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
   
   OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"
   
   [DELETEDATABASE]
   
   SOURCEDB = "ora "
   
   $ dbca -silent -responseFile del_dbca.rsp
   
   五、启动监听，配置自启动等
   
   5.1、启动监听
   
   # su – oracle
   
   $ lsnrctl start
   
   查看状态 lsnrctl status
   
   # netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
   
   # ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
   
   5.2、设置自启动
   
   修改vim /etc/oratab 如下
   
   ora:/u01/app/oracle/proct/11.2.0/dbhome_1: Y
   
   5.3、修改dbstart文件
   
   vim /u01/app/oracle/proct/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart
   
   将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
   修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
   
   5.4、将dbstart加入开机自启动，/etc/rc.d/rc.local中增加
   
   su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/proct/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart
   
   赋权限 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
   
   5.3、登录数据库设置权限等
   
   sqlplus / as sysdba
   
   startup;
   
   alter system register;
   
   create user ora identified by ***012;
   
   grant dba to ora;
   
   exit
   
   六、远程连接数据库
   
   6.1、开放1521端口
   
   firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
   
   firewall-cmd –reload
   
   firewall-cmd --list-ports