A. 求linux毫秒级定时器的实现
1 nanosleep函数可以提供最高分辨率，一般是纳秒级
2 select、poll函数的定时是毫秒级，pselect是纳秒级
以上三个函数都可以实现你的要求
B. Linux 下 Qt关于微秒级别的定时器
select可以达到微妙级别，态如你网络下select timer,下面是win下面使用洞念select的例子
#include<iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
int main()
{
DWORD dwVersion = 0; WSADATA wsaData; DWORD dwErr = 0;
dwErr = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(0x2, 0x2), &wsaData);
if (0 != dwErr)
{printf("winsock init error!\n");return -1;}
SOCKET s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == s)
{
printf("create a socket error!\n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
// 设置为纳闭困非阻塞
int nRet = 0;
u_long lRet = 1;
nRet = ioctlsocket(s, FIONBIO, &lRet);
if (SOCKET_ERROR == nRet)
{
printf("set socket error!\n");
closesocket(s);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
int time=0;
while( 1 ){
fd_set rfds ;
struct timeval tval;
FD_ZERO( &rfds ) ;
FD_SET(1,&rfds);
tval.tv_sec = 1 ; /*秒*/
tval.tv_usec =0 ; /*微秒, 1秒=10的3次方毫秒=10的6次方微妙*/
int ret =select( 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tval );
if(ret==0 ){
cout<<setfill('0')<<setw(3)<<++time<<" s"<<endl;
}
else
{cout<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;
break;
}
}
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
C. linux下的几种时钟和定时器机制
1. RTC(Real Time Clock)
所有PC都有RTC. 它和CPU和其他芯片独立。它在电脑关机之后还可以正常运行。RTC可以在IRQ8上产生周期性中断. 频率在2Hz--8192HZ.
Linux只是把RTC用来获取时间和日期. 当然它允许进程通过对/dev/rtc设备来对它进行编程。Kernel通过0x70和0x71 I/O端口来访问RTC。
2. TSC(Time Stamp Counter)
80x86上的微处理器都有CLK输入针脚. 从奔腾系列开始. 微处理器支持一个计数器. 每当一个时钟信号来的时候. 计数器加1. 可以通过汇编指令rdtsc来得到计数器的值。通过calibrate_tsc可以获得CPU的频率. 它是通过计算大约5毫秒里tsc寄存器里面的增加值来确认的。或者可以通过cat /proc/cpuinfo来获取cpu频率。tsc可以提供比PIT更精确的时间度量。
3. PIT(Programmable internval timer)
除了RTC和TSC. IBM兼容机提供了PIT。PIT类似微波炉的闹钟机制. 当时间到的时候. 提供铃声. PIT不是产生铃声. 而是产生一种特殊中断. 叫定时器中断或者时钟中断。它用来告诉内核一个间隔过去了。这个时间间隔也叫做一个滴答数。可以通过编译内核是选择内核频率来确定。如内核频率设为1000HZ,则时间间隔或滴答为1/1000=1微秒。滴答月短. 定时精度更高. 但是用户模式的时间更短. 也就是说用户模式下程序执行会越慢。滴答的长度以纳秒形式存在tick_nsec变量里面。PIT通过8254的0x40--0x43端口来访问。它产生中断号为IRQ 0.
下面是关于pIT里面的一些宏定义：
HZ：每秒中断数。
CLOCK_TICK_RATE:值是1,193,182. 它是8254芯片内部振荡器频率。
LATCH：代表CLOCK_TICK_RATE和HZ的比率. 被用来编程PIT。
setup_pit_timer()如下：
spin_lock_irqsave(&i8253_lock, flags);
outb_p(0x34,0x43);
udelay(10);
outb_p(LATCH & 0xff, 0x40);
udelay(10);
outb (LATCH >> 8, 0x40);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&i8253_lock, flags);
4. CPU Local Timer
最近的80x86架构的微处理器上的local apic提供了cpu local timer.他和pit区别在于它提供了one-shot和periodic中断。它可以使中断发送到特定cpu。one-shot中断常用在实时系统里面。
D. 在linux环境中,如何实现多线程中使用多个定时器,POSIX定时器可以吗,如何用
个局御辩人解决了，以下是一个实现：
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#if 1
pthread_attr_t attr;
timer_t hard_timer, software_timer;
struct sigevent hard_evp, software_evp;
static void watchdog_hard_timeout(union sigval v)
{
time_t t;
char p[32];
timer_t *q;
struct itimerspec ts;
int ret;
time(&t);
strftime(p, sizeof(p), "%T", localtime(&t));
printf("watchdog hard timeout!\n");
printf("%s thread %d, val = %u, signal captured.\n", p, (unsigned int)pthread_self(), v.sival_int);
q = (timer_t *)(v.sival_ptr);
printf("hard timer_t:%d add:%p, q:%p!\n", (int)hard_timer, &hard_timer, q);
ts.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
ts.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
ts.it_value.tv_sec = 6;
ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
ret = timer_settime(*q, CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts, NULL);
if (ret != 0) {
printf("settime err(%d)!\n", ret);
}
}
static void watchdog_software_timeout(union sigval v)
{
time_t t;
char p[32];
timer_t *q;
struct itimerspec ts;
int ret;
time(&t);
strftime(p, sizeof(p), "%T", localtime(&t));
printf("watchdog software timeout!\n");
printf("%s thread %d, val = %u, signal captured.\n"桐缺, p, (unsigned int)pthread_self(), v.sival_int);
q = (timer_t *)(v.sival_ptr);
printf("hard timer_t:%d add:%p, q:%p!\拆让n", (int)hard_timer, &hard_timer, q);
ts.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
ts.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
ts.it_value.tv_sec = 10;
ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
ret = timer_settime(*q, CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts, NULL);
if (ret != 0) {
printf("settime err(%d)!\n", ret);
}
}
static void dcmi_sol_pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr)
{
pthread_attr_destroy(attr);
}
static int dcmi_sol_pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr)
{
int ret;
if ((ret = pthread_attr_init(attr) != 0)) {
goto err;
}
if ((ret = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED)) != 0) {
dcmi_sol_pthread_attr_destroy(attr);
goto err;
}
/* 设置线程的栈大小,失败则用系统默认值 */
pthread_attr_setstacksize(attr, 128 * 1024);
return 0;
err:
printf("set ptread attr failed(ret:%d)!\n", ret);
return -1;
}
int main(void)
{
struct itimerspec ts;
int ret;
ret = dcmi_sol_pthread_attr_init(&attr);
if (ret != 0) {
printf("init pthread attributes fail(%d)!\n", ret);
exit(-1);
}
memset(&hard_evp, 0, sizeof(struct sigevent));
hard_evp.sigev_value.sival_ptr = &hard_timer;
hard_evp.sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD;
hard_evp.sigev_notify_function = watchdog_hard_timeout;
hard_evp.sigev_notify_attributes = NULL;//&attr;
memset(&software_evp, 0, sizeof(struct sigevent));
software_evp.sigev_value.sival_ptr = &software_timer;
software_evp.sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD;
software_evp.sigev_notify_function = watchdog_software_timeout;
software_evp.sigev_notify_attributes = NULL;//&attr;
ret = timer_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, &hard_evp, &hard_timer);
if(ret != 0) {
perror("hard timer_create fail!");
exit(-1);
}
ret = timer_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, &software_evp, &software_timer);
if (ret != 0) {
timer_delete(hard_timer);
perror("software timer_create fail!");
exit(-1);
}
ts.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
ts.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
ts.it_value.tv_sec = 6;
ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
ret = timer_settime(hard_timer, CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts, NULL);
if(ret != 0) {
perror("hard timer_settime fail!");
timer_delete(hard_timer);
timer_delete(software_timer);
exit(-1);
}
ts.it_value.tv_sec = 10;
ret = timer_settime(software_timer, CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts, NULL);
if(ret != 0) {
perror("hard timer_settime fail!");
timer_delete(hard_timer);
timer_delete(software_timer);
exit(-1);
}
while(1) {
printf("main ready sleep!\n");
sleep(15);
printf("main sleep finish!\n");
}
return 0;
}
#endif
E. Linux下的定时器，怎么用。
时事件，void(*handle)(union sigval v)参数就是处理事件的函数指针。
int omsSetTimer(timer_t *tId,int value,int interval)就是设置定时器。
按你说的，如果要同时起多个定时器，需要定义一个数组timer_t tm[n];int it[n];tm就是定时器结构，it用来记录对应的定时器是否已经使用，使用中的就是1，没用的就是0；
主进程消息来了就从it找一个没用的好镇来omsSetTimer，如果收到终止消息，那omsSetTimer 定时时间为0
int omsTimer(timer_t *tId,int iValue,int iSeconds ,void(*handle)(union sigval v),void * param)
{
struct sigevent se;
struct itimerspec ts;
memset (&se, 0, sizeof (se));
se.sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD;
se.sigev_notify_function = handle;
se.sigev_value.sival_ptr = param;
if (timer_create (CLOCK_REALTIME, &se, tId) < 0)
{
return -1;
}
ts.it_value.tv_sec = iValue;
// ts.it_value.tv_sec =3;
//ts.it_value.tv_nsec = (long)(iValue % 1000) * (1000000L);
ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
ts.it_interval.tv_sec = iSeconds;
//ts.it_interval.tv_nsec = (long)(iSeconds % 1000) * (1000000L);
ts.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
if (timer_settime(*tId, TIMER_ABSTIME, &ts, NULL) < 0)
{
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int omsSetTimer(timer_t *tId,int value,int interval)
{
struct itimerspec ts;
ts.it_value.tv_sec =value;
/高袜郑/戚颂ts.it_value.tv_nsec = (long)(value % 1000) * (1000000L);
ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
ts.it_interval.tv_sec = interval;
//ts.it_interval.tv_nsec = (long)(interval % 1000) * (1000000L);
ts.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
if (timer_settime(*tId, TIMER_ABSTIME, &ts, NULL) < 0)
{
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
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F. 嵌入式Linux下定时器问题，定时10us。
可以使用select函数实现定时，
timeval
tv;
tv.tv_usec=25;
tv.tv_sec=0;
select(1,NULL,NULL,NULL
&tv);