1. linux鐢ㄦ埛鐩褰曟潈闄恖inux鐢ㄦ埛鐩褰曟潈闄
濡备綍浣夸竴涓狶inux镄勭敤鎴锋湁鍒涘缓鐩褰曞拰鏂囦欢镄勬潈闄愶纻
寰堢亩鍗旷敤chmod锻戒护濡傛灉浣犳兂test鍦ㄤ换浣曞湴鏂归兘鑳藉垱寤烘枃浠剁洰褰旷殑璇濆氨鐩存帴鐢╮oot锏婚檰chmod777-R/(绗涓涓7鏄镓链夎呮湁璇4锛屽啓2锛屾墽琛1𨱒冨埄锛岀浜屼釜7鏄钖岀粍浜虹涓変釜7镞跺叾浠栦汉锛宼est绠楁槸鍏朵粬浜猴纴-R鏄瑕嗙洊鐩褰曚笅镓链夊唴瀹逛笉锷犵殑璇濆彧链/鐩褰曚笅鑳7锛/涓嬬殑鍏朵粬鐩褰曞氨涓嶈岋纴/鏄镙圭洰褰曪纴)
linux𨱒冮檺璁剧疆锛
镎崭綔姝ラ/鏂规硶
1.杩涘叆linux绯荤粺锛屾寜鐩褰曚緷娆¤繘鍏ラ渶瑕佽剧疆𨱒冮檺镄勬枃浠躲备富瑕佸懡浠わ细cd锛埚垏鎹㈢洰褰曪级ls锛堟煡鐪嬫枃浠讹级
2.璁剧疆鏂囦欢𨱒冮檺鍓嶏纴鍏堟煡鐪嬫枃浠舵潈闄愩傚懡浠わ细ls-lxxx.xxx
3.鎴戜滑鍙浠ョ湅鍒版枃浠剁殑鍏蜂綋𨱒冮檺锛屽垎鍒鐢╮锛寃锛寈锛-琛ㄧず瀵瑰簲𨱒冮檺銆
4.姣忎竴涓𨱒冮檺瀵瑰簲涓涓鐩稿圭殑缁勭粐锛屾瘆濡傛墍链夎咃纴缁勶纴鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埛
5.鎺ヤ笅𨱒ユ垜浠鏀瑰彉鏂囦欢𨱒冮檺锛屽湪linux鍙璇籸鍙鐢4琛ㄧず锛屽彲鍐橶鍙鐢2琛ㄧず锛孹鐢1锛岄偅涔堟枃浠剁殑链楂樻潈闄愮瓑浜4+2+1=7锛屼袱涓ゆ垨钥呬笁涓缁勫悎鍗冲彲璧嬩篑鏂囦欢鍏蜂綋𨱒冮檺锛屽懡浠わ细chmod664XXX.XXX
6.璧嬩篑瀹屾垚鎴戜滑鍙鍒╃敤锻戒护鍐嶆℃煡鐪嬫枃浠舵潈闄愶纴鏁板兼槸钖﹁窡鎴戜滑璁惧畾镄勪竴镊淬
linux涓嬫庝箞镆ヨ㈡寚瀹氱洰褰曚笅镓链夋枃浠剁殑𨱒冮檺锛
镆ョ湅𨱒冮檺锻戒护镆ョ湅鐩褰旷殑鐩稿叧𨱒冮檺鍙浠ラ噰鐢ㄥ懡浠ls-lD锛屾垨钥呯洿鎺ョ敤ls-la濡俵s-lopt//杩欓噷琛ㄧず镆ョ湅opt鐩褰曚慨鏀规潈闄愬懡浠chmod777鏂囦欢钖
1.chmod577/home/stuser-R
2.umask-p0200
3.chownXXXXYYYY(XXXX涓虹敤鎴峰悕YYYY涓烘枃浠跺悕锛夋潈闄愬垪琛-rw-------(600)鍙链夋墍链夎呮墠链夎诲拰鍐欑殑𨱒冮檺-rw-r--r--(644)鍙链夋墍链夎呮墠链夎诲拰鍐欑殑𨱒冮檺锛岀粍缇ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧链夎荤殑𨱒冮檺-rwx------(700)鍙链夋墍链夎呮墠链夎伙纴鍐欙纴镓ц岀殑𨱒冮檺-rwxr-xr-x(755)鍙链夋墍链夎呮墠链夎伙纴鍐欙纴镓ц岀殑𨱒冮檺锛岀粍缇ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧链夎诲拰镓ц岀殑𨱒冮檺-rwx--x--x(711)鍙链夋墍链夎呮墠链夎伙纴鍐欙纴镓ц岀殑𨱒冮檺锛岀粍缇ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧链夋墽琛岀殑𨱒冮檺-rw-rw-rw-(666)姣忎釜浜洪兘链夎诲啓镄勬潈闄-rwxrwxrwx(777)姣忎釜浜洪兘链夎诲啓鍜屾墽琛岀殑𨱒冮檺
kalilinux褰扑腑镐庝箞璁剧疆鐢ㄦ埛鏂囦欢𨱒冮檺绠＄悊锛
鍙浠ラ氲繃锻戒护chmod𨱒ヨ剧疆鐢ㄦ埛鏂囦欢𨱒冮檺绠＄悊銆
2. Linux鐢ㄦ埛浠ュ强𨱒冮檺鐩稿叧甯哥敤锻戒护镐荤粨
涓銆佹煡鐪嬭韩浠
id锛欴isplay user identity.
杩欎釜锻戒护镄勮緭鍑轰细鏄剧ずuid锛実id鍜岀敤鎴锋墍灞炵殑缁勚
uid鍗硊ser ID锛岃繖鏄璐︽埛鍒涘缓镞惰璧嬩篑镄勚
gid鏄痯rimary group ID锛屾槸涓昏佺殑缁勭殑id銆傚綋铹惰繖涓鐢ㄦ埛涔熷彲浠ュ睘浜庡叾浠栨洿澶氱殑缁勚
鐢ㄦ埛璐︽埛淇℃伅琚瀹氢箟鍦 /etc/passwd鏂囦欢涓锛岀粍淇℃伅琚瀹氢箟鍦/etc/group鏂囦欢涓銆
浜屻乧hmod
锻戒护钖岖О锛歝hmod
锻戒护鑻辨枃铡熸剰锛歝hange the permissions mode of a file
锻戒护镓鍦ㄨ矾寰勶细/bin/chmod
璇娉曪细chmod [{ugo}{+-=}{rwx}][鏂囦欢鎴栫洰褰昡[mode=421][鏂囦欢鎴栫洰褰昡
锷熻兘鎻忚堪锛氭敼鍙樻枃浠舵垨鐩褰曟潈闄愩
鐢ㄦ埛绫诲瀷锛
u锛歶ser锛屽疄闄呬笂鎸囨墍链夎
g锛欢roup镓灞炵粍
o锛歰thers鍏朵粬浜
a锛歛ll镓链変汉锛屽嵆ugo镄勭粍钖堬纴濡傛灉涓嶆寚瀹氱敤鎴风被鍨嬶纴榛樿ゆ槸all銆
+澧炲姞𨱒冮檺锛-铡绘帀𨱒冮檺锛=鐩存帴璧嬩篑𨱒冮檺
r鍙璇伙纴w鍙鍐欙纴x鍙镓ц屻
鍏蜂綋瀵规枃浠跺拰鏂囦欢澶规湁涓嶅悓镒忎箟锛屾瘆濡备竴涓鍙玠oc镄勬枃浠讹纴缁欐墍链夎呭姞涓妛x𨱒冮檺锛歝hmod u+wx doc
涓夈佺敤鏁板瓧琛ㄧず𨱒冮檺
澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜
浠ｇ爜濡备笅:
r-4
w-2
x-1
灏嗘疮涓缁勭殑𨱒冮檺鏁板瓧锷犺捣𨱒ヤ綔涓烘暣缁勭殑𨱒冮檺锛屾瘆濡傦细
rwx鏄7锛宺-x鏄5锛宺--鏄4
闾ｄ箞rwxr-xr--鍙浠ヨ〃绀轰负754
姣旇缉甯哥敤镄勬暟瀛楋细7 (rwx), 6 (rw-), 5 (r-x), 4 (r--), 0 (---)
锲涖乽mask锻戒护
umask锻戒护锷熻兘锛氭樉绀恒佽剧疆鏂囦欢镄勭己鐪佹潈闄愩
umask锻戒护璇娉曪细umask [-S]
-S锛氢互rwx褰㈠纺鏄剧ず鏂板缓鏂囦欢鎴栫洰褰旷殑缂虹渷𨱒冮檺銆
镓ц寀mask锛
鏄剧ず0022
绗涓涓0锛氱壒娈婃潈闄愪綅
022鐢ㄦ埛𨱒冮檺浣嶏纴𨱒冮檺鎺╃爜鍊笺
闇瑕佺敤777鍑忓幓022锛屽缑鍒755锛屼笁涓鏁板瓧鍒嗗埆琛ㄧずugo(user,group,others)镄勬潈闄愩
umask 钬揝锛
u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx
Linux𨱒冮檺瑙勫垯锛
缂虹渷鍒涘缓镄勬枃浠朵笉鑳芥巿浜埚彲镓ц寈𨱒冮檺锛岃繖镣规槸涓轰简瀹夊叏镌𨱍筹纴鏂囦欢榛樿ゆ槸涓嶈兘镓ц岀殑銆
鍙浠ョ敤umask鏀瑰彉榛樿ゆ潈闄愶纴鐢╱mask锷犱笂鎺╃爜鍊肩殑褰㈠纺銆
姣斿傛兂鎶婃潈闄愭敼涓750锛岃佺敤777鍑忓幓750锛屽强umask 027锻戒护銆
浜斻佹敼鍙樿韩浠绀hanging Identities
鍦↙inux涓鍙浠ョ敤涓夌嶆柟寮忔敼鍙樿嚜宸卞綋鍓岖殑韬浠斤细
1.锏诲嚭锛岀劧钖庣敤鍙︿竴涓璐﹀彿锏诲叆(钬orz钬)銆
2.浣跨敤su锻戒护銆
3.浣跨敤sudo锻戒护銆
A:su
su锛歊un a Shell with Substitute User and Group IDs.
su [-[l]] [user]
濡傛灉浣跨敤浜-l阃夐”(缁忓父琚绠鍐欎负-)锛岀粨鏋滃氨鏄涓涓猯ogin shell銆
镒忔濇槸鐢ㄦ埛user镄勭幆澧冧细琚杞藉叆锛屽綋鍓岖殑宸ヤ綔璺寰勪细琚鎹涓鸿繖涓鐢ㄦ埛镄删ome璺寰勚傚傛灉娌℃湁鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛锛岄粯璁ゆ槸superuser銆
褰撴墽琛宻u 钬扑箣钖庯纴闇瑕佽緭鍏superuser镄勫瘑镰侊纴杈揿叆鎴愬姛涔嫔悗锛屼细寮钖涓涓鏂扮殑shell锛屽懡浠ゆ彁绀虹﹀皢浼氩彉涓#(涔嫔墠鏄$)锛屽苟涓斿綋鍓岖殑宸ヤ綔鐩褰曞彉涓簊uperuser镄删ome鐩褰(/root)锛岀粨𨱒熷悗濡傛灉瑕侀鍑猴纴杈揿叆exit锛屽氨浼氩洖鍒颁箣鍓岖殑shell銆
涔熷彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ墽琛屼竴𨱒″懡浠わ细
澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜
浠ｇ爜濡备笅:
su 钬揷 钬榗ommand钬
闇瑕佹妸锻戒护鏀惧湪寮曞彿閲岋纴浠ヤ綔鍖哄垎銆
B:sudo
sudo锛欵xecute a Command as Another User.
sudo鍜宻u绫讳技锛屾湁涓浜涢梼锷犵殑灞炴э纴绠＄悊锻桦彲浠ラ厤缃畇udo锛屽湪镩濂界殑鎺у埗涓嬶纴璁╂櫘阃氱敤鎴蜂互涓嶅悓镄勮韩浠芥墽琛屽懡浠ゃ
涓涓鐢ㄦ埛鍙鑳借闄愬埗鍦ㄤ竴浜涚壒瀹氱殑锻戒护涓锛屼笉鑳芥墽琛屽叾浠栥
鍙︿竴涓涓嶅悓灏辨槸sudo涓嶈佹眰鐭ラ亾superuser镄勫瘑镰侊纴鍙闇瑕佺煡阆揿綋鍓岖敤鎴风殑瀵嗙爜锛岃緭鍏ュ瘑镰佸悗锛屽畬鎴愯よ瘉锛宻udo涓崭细鏂板紑涓涓狲hell锛屼篃涓崭细杞藉叆鍙︿竴涓鐢ㄦ埛镄勭幆澧冿纴锻戒护涔熶笉闇瑕佽寮曞彿𨰾璧锋潵銆傝繖绉嶈屼负鍙浠ラ氲繃钖勭嶉夐”瑕嗗啓锛屽彲浠ユ煡鐪媠udo镄刴an page銆
sudo 钬搇鍙浠ユ煡鐪媠udo镓璧嬩篑镄勬潈闄愩
鍏銆佹敼鍙樻墍链夎呭拰镓灞炵粍
鏀瑰彉镓链夎咃细chown
锻戒护鑻辨枃铡熸剰锛歝hange file ownership
璇娉曪细chown [鐢ㄦ埛] [鏂囦欢鎴栫洰褰昡
锷熻兘锛氭敼鍙樻枃浠舵垨鐩褰旷殑镓链夎呫
鏀瑰彉镓灞炵粍锛歝hgrp
锻戒护鑻辨枃铡熸剰锛歝hange file group ownership
璇娉曪细chown [鐢ㄦ埛缁刔 [鏂囦欢鎴栫洰褰昡
锷熻兘锛氭敼鍙樻枃浠舵垨鐩褰旷殑镓灞炵粍銆
chown锻戒护涔熷彲浠ョ敤浜庢敼鍙樻墍灞炵粍銆
澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜
浠ｇ爜濡备笅:
chown [owner][:[group]] file...
涓冦佹洿鏀瑰瘑镰
passwd [user]
閲岖疆瀵嗙爜镞讹纴闇瑕佽緭鍏ユ棫镄勫瘑镰併
濡傛灉浣犳湁superuser镄勬潈闄愶纴浣犺缮鍙浠ヨ剧疆鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埛镄勫瘑镰併
鍙︿竴浜涢夐”鍙浠ヨ剧疆璐︽埛阌佸畾锛屽瘑镰佽繃链熺瓑锛岃︾粏淇℃伅鍙浠ユ煡鐪媝asswd镄刴an page銆