❶ 什么是单片机STM8
ST的8位微控制器平台基于高性能8位内核，配有先进的成套外设。 该平台采用ST的130 nm嵌入式非易性存储器专有技术。 STM8通过增强型堆栈指针运算、先进的寻址模式和新指令实现快速、安全的开发。 STM8平台支持三种主要产品线：
STM8S，通用微控制器
STM8L，超低功耗EnergyLite™微控制器
STM8A，汽车级微控制器
以上是ST公司官方给出的介绍。对于选型来讲STM8的主要特点是最高工作频率24MHz，性能可以达到20MIPS。定时器等外设资源的架构和现在炙手可热的STM32系列ARM基本相同，可以用类似的方式控制，官方提供了软件架构库FWLib，可以简化开发过程。中断的处理方式与AVR不大相同，几种中断源可能对应一个中断向量，据说类似51，但是我没用过51，所以没有考证。价格上与AVR的定位类似，感觉性价比稍微高于AVR一些。仿真器为ST-Link，可以在淘宝上买到，只需要100多就可以，所以上手成本也比较低。
不知道这些信息是否能够满足您的需求。
❷ 本人正在学习stm8，使用IAR编程，求代码把蜂鸣器弄响
你用的是“ ST MCU 三合一体验套件 ” 里面的那套STM8S的开发板嚒·？
如果是的话可以参考以下例程：是在微雪电子那采购的官方套件光盘中的示例程序，不知道能不能帮到你！ 有分的话给点分用用，嘿嘿！
/*============================================================================*/
/* PROJECT: DRIVING BUZZER THROUGH STM8 TIMER2 PWM DEMO SYSTEM */
/* MODULE: main.c */
/* COMPILER: STM8 Cosmic C Compiler */
/* DATE: Feb 2009 */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* DESCRIPTION: Demonstration firmware for STM8 Mini Kit */
/* playing a tune through its buzzer. */
/*============================================================================*/
/******************************************************************************
*
* THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
* WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE
* TIME. AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING
* FROM THE CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE
* CODING INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
*
* COPYRIGHT 2008 STMicroelectronics
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "STM8S105C_S.h" /* Registers and memory mapping file. */
/******************************************************************************/
/* Macro definitions
/******************************************************************************/
/* Music instruction and note coding. */
#define _END_ 0xFF /* Music END. */
#define _PAUSE_ 0xFE /* Pause between different tunes. */
/* Note tone definition...... */
#define _FA0 0x00 /* FA- */
#define _SOL0 0x01 /* SOL- */
#define _LA0 0x02 /* LA- */
#define _SI0 0x03 /* SI- */
#define _DO 0x04 /* DO */
#define _RE 0x05 /* RE */
#define _MI 0x06 /* MI */
#define _FA 0x07 /* FA */
#define _SOL 0x08 /* SOL */
#define _LA 0x09 /* LA */
#define _SI 0x0A /* SI */
#define _DO2 0x0B /* DO+ */
#define _M 0x0C /* MUTE */
#define _RE2 0x0D /* RE+ */
#define _SOL2 0x0E /* SOL+ */
#define _FAd 0x0F /* FA# */
/* Note length definition...... */
#define sq 0x10 /* Semiquaver notes. */
#define q 0x20 /* Quaver notes. */
#define qp 0x30 /* 1.5 quaver notes. */
#define c 0x40 /* Crotchet notes. */
#define cn 0x60 /* 1.5 crotchet notes.*/
#define m 0x80 /* Minim notes. */
/*a note is defined here by a combination of a tone and a length, both parts
being easily retrievable with the AND binary operator: note = tone+length,
and tone&length=0*/
/******************************************************************************/
/* RAM SEGMENT variables */
/******************************************************************************/
/* Global variable used to store the ADC result. */
unsigned int AD_Value;
/* Global variable used to store the Key pressed for changing octave. */
unsigned char Flag_Octave_Chg;
/* Global variable used as index for the array of notes: position in the tune.*/
unsigned int current_note = 0;
/* Global variable used as index for the array of notes. */
unsigned char c1,c1_buf;
/* Music note coding ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */
/* FA0 SOL0 LA0 SI0 DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI DO2 MUTE RE2 SOL2 FA# */
/* TIM2 CCR1 High byte. */
const unsigned char Low_Note_h[] /* Lower octave */
={0x2C,0x27,0x23,0x1F,0x1D,0x1A,0x17,0x16,0x13,0x11,0x0F,0x0E,0x00, 0x0D, 0x09, 0x15 };
const unsigned char Hi_Note_h[] /* Higher octave */
={0x16,0x13,0x11,0x0F,0x0E,0x0D,0x0B,0x0B,0x09,0x08,0x07,0x07,0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x0A };
/* TIM2 CCR1 Low byte. */
const unsigned char Low_Note_l[] /* Lower octave */
={0xA4,0xDC,0x82,0xA1,0xEE,0xA9,0xAC,0x62,0xEE,0xC1,0xD0,0xF0,0x00, 0x4F, 0xF7, 0x2C };
const unsigned char Hi_Note_l[] /* Higher octave */
={0x52,0xEE,0xC1,0xD0,0xF7,0x54,0xD6,0x31,0xF7,0xE0,0xE8,0x78,0x00, 0xA7, 0xFB, 0x96 };
/* The actual tune sequence: an array of notes. */
const unsigned char tune[] =
{
_M+sq, _M+sq, /* Two "buffer" mutes needed to manage smoothly the */
/* current_note/current_note_init comparison. */
/*------------------ DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI DO2 --------------------------*/
/*------------------ DO2 SI LA SOL FA MI RE DO --------------------------*/
_DO+c,_RE+c,_MI+c,_FA+c,_SOL+c,_LA+c,_SI+c,_DO2+c,_M+m, _PAUSE_,
_DO2+c,_SI+c,_LA+c,_SOL+c,_FA+c,_MI+c,_RE+c,_DO+c,_M+m, _PAUSE_,
/*---------------------------- 新年好 ------------------------------------*/
_DO+c,_DO+c,_DO+c,_M+sq,_DO+m,_SOL0+m,_MI+c,_MI+c,_M+sq,_MI+m,_DO+m,_DO+c,
_MI+c,_M+sq,_SOL+m,_SOL+m,_FA+c,_MI+c,_M+sq,_RE+m,_RE+m,_M+sq,_RE+c,_MI+c,
_FA+m,_M+sq,_FA+m,_MI+c,_RE+c,_MI+m,_DO+m,_M+sq,_DO+c,_MI+c,_RE+m,_SOL0+m,
_SI0+c,_RE+c,_DO+m,_DO+m,_PAUSE_,
/*--------------------------- 两只老虎 -----------------------------------*/
_DO+c,_RE+c,_MI+c,_DO+c,_DO+c,_RE+c,_MI+c,_DO+c,_MI+c,_FA+c,_SOL+m,_MI+c,
_FA+c,_SOL+m,_SOL+qp,_LA+sq,_SOL+qp,_FA+sq,_MI+c,_DO+c,_SOL+qp,_LA+sq,
_SOL+qp,_FA+sq,_MI+c,_DO+c,_M+sq,_DO+c,_SOL0+c,_DO+m,_M+sq,_DO+c,_SOL0+c,
_DO+m,_M+sq,_PAUSE_,
/*---------------------------- 甜蜜蜜 ------------------------------------*/
_MI+m,_SOL+c,_LA+c,_MI+m,_MI+c,_DO+c,_RE+cn,_DO+q,_RE+c,_MI+q,_SOL+q,_MI+m,
_MI+m,_RE+c,_RE+c,_RE+c,_RE+q,_MI+q,_RE+q,_DO+cn,_LA0+q,_SOL0+cn,_DO+m,
_DO+c,_RE+c,_MI+cn,_RE+q,_MI+q,_RE+q,_MI+q,_SOL+q,_RE+m,_RE+m,_RE+m,_RE+m,
_MI+m,_SOL+c,_LA+c,_MI+m,_MI+c,_DO+c,_RE+cn,_DO+q,_RE+c,_MI+q,_SOL+q,_MI+m,
_MI+m,_RE+c,_RE+c,_RE+c,_RE+q,_MI+q,_RE+q,_DO+cn,_LA0+q,_SOL0+cn,_DO+m,
_DO+c,_MI+c,_RE+q,_DO+q,_DO+c,_LA0+q,_SOL0+cn,_DO+m,_DO+m,_DO+m,_DO+m,_MI+m,
_MI+m,_SOL0+m,_LA0+q,_DO+q,_SOL0+q,_LA0+q,_DO+m,_DO+m,_DO+m,_DO+m,_LA0+c,
_SI0+c,_LA0+c,_SI0+c,_LA0+c,_LA0+q,_DO+q,_LA0+q,_SOL0+q,_SOL0+c,_MI+m,_MI+m,
_MI+m,_MI+m,_LA0+c,_SI0+c,_LA0+c,_SI0+c,_LA0+c,_LA0+q,_DO+q,_LA0+q,_SOL0+q,
_SOL0+c,_MI+m,_MI+m,_MI+m,_M+c,_SOL+q,_LA+q,_SOL+m,_M+c,_SOL+q,_LA+q,_SOL+m,
_M+c,_SOL+q,_LA+q,_SOL+c,_SOL+q,_LA+q,_SOL+c,_SOL+q,_LA+q,_SOL+m,_SOL+m,
_MI+m,_SOL+c,_LA+c,_MI+m,_MI+c,_DO+c,_RE+cn,_DO+q,_RE+c,_RE+q,_SOL+q,_MI+m,
_MI+m,_RE+c,_RE+c,_RE+c,_RE+q,_MI+q,_RE+q,_DO+cn,_LA0+q,
_SOL0+cn,_DO+m,_DO+c,_MI+c,_RE+q,_DO+q,_DO+c,_LA0+q,_SOL0+cn,_DO+m,_DO+m,
_DO+m,_DO+m,_MI+m,_MI+m,_SOL0+m,_LA0+q,_DO+q,_SOL0+q,_LA0+q,_DO+m,_DO+m,
_DO+m,_DO+m,_PAUSE_,
/*------------------ _END_ marks to end of the tune ----------------------*/
_END_
};
/******************************************************************************/
/* Function definitions */
/******************************************************************************/
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE NAME: Buzz_Init */
/* INPUT/OUTPUT: None. */
/* DESCRIPTION: Initialize the TIM2 as PWM mode for BUZZ control. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Buzz_Init ( void )
{
PD_DDR |= 0x10; /* Configure PD4 as output (for the PWM). */
PD_CR1 |= 0x10; /* PD4 Push pull output. */
TIM2_CCMR1 |= 0x70; /* Output mode PWM2. */
TIM2_CCER1 |= 0x03; /* CC polarity low,enable PWM output */
TIM2_ARR = 0; /* Freq control register: ARR */
TIM2_CCR1 = 0; /* Dutycycle control register: CCR */
TIM2_PSCR |= 0x00; /* fCK_CNT is equal to fCK_PSC. */
TIM2_CR1 |= 0x01; /* Enable TIM2. */
current_note = 1;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE NAME: Buzz_Wait */
/* INPUT/OUTPUT: Note ration (4bit MSB information) / None. */
/* DESCRIPTION: 1) Sample AIN voltage and store in AD_Value. */
/* 2) Polling wait routine for note ration(based on 4ms delay).*/
/* ration: Quaver (2), crotchet (4) or minim (8) selection. */
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void Buzz_Wait(unsigned char ration)
{
int i = 0;
unsigned char uc = 0;
unsigned long Temp;
/* Sample AIN voltage in ADC single mode. */
ADC_CR1 |= 0x01; /* First set ADON to power on the ADC mole. */
i = 6; /* Wait >7us to ensure the ADC power on finished.*/
while(i--);
ADC_CR1 |= 0x01; /* Set ADON again to start AD convert. */
while(!(ADC_CSR & 0x80));/* Waiting for AD convert finished (EOP=1). */
/* Store ADC value to AD_Value */
AD_Value = ((((unsigned int)ADC_DRH)<<2)+ADC_DRL)>>2;
if (AD_Value < 0x01)
{ AD_Value = 0x01; }
if (AD_Value > 0xC0)
{ AD_Value = 0xC0; }
if (Flag_Octave_Chg==1)
{
Temp = ((((unsigned int) Low_Note_h [c1_buf])<<8)+Low_Note_l [c1_buf]);
}
else
{
Temp = ((((unsigned int) Hi_Note_h [c1_buf])<<8)+Hi_Note_l [c1_buf]);
}
Temp = (Temp*AD_Value)>>9;
/* The new ty cycle value is written in CCR */
TIM2_CCR1H=(unsigned char)(((unsigned int)Temp & 0xff00)>>8);
TIM2_CCR1L=(unsigned char)((unsigned int)Temp & 0x00ff);
/* Delay time = ration * Y */
while ( uc < ration ) /* The following loop is run "ration" times. */
{
while ( i < 1200 ) /* This loop "Y" waits approximately 4.3ms. */
{
i++;
}
i = 0;
uc++;
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE NAME: Buzz_PlayTune */
/* INPUT/OUTPUT: None. */
/* DESCRIPTION: Plays a music score (one tune at a time). */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Buzz_PlayTune ( void )
{
unsigned ui;
unsigned long temp_DCR;
unsigned char temp;
while(1)
{
if(tune[current_note] == _END_)
{
/* End of the music, reset to beginning. 1 is a mute at the */
/* beginning of the array of notes; differs from 0. */
current_note = 1;
break;
}
else if(tune[current_note] == _PAUSE_)
{
/* End of a tune, save the position in the music, stop playing. */
current_note++;
break;
}
else
{
c1 = tune[current_note];
/* Loads a note (or mute) on the relevant registers */
/* The note information is carried only by the 4 lowest bits. */
c1_buf= c1 & 0x0f;
if (Flag_Octave_Chg==1)
{
temp_DCR = ((((unsigned int)Low_Note_h [c1_buf])<<8)+Low_Note_l[c1_buf]);
TIM2_ARRH = Low_Note_h [c1_buf];
TIM2_ARRL = Low_Note_l [c1_buf];
}
else
{
temp_DCR = ((((unsigned int) Hi_Note_h [c1_buf])<<8)+Hi_Note_l [c1_buf]);
TIM2_ARRH = Hi_Note_h [c1_buf];
TIM2_ARRL = Hi_Note_l [c1_buf];
}
temp_DCR = (temp_DCR*AD_Value)>>9;
/* The new ty cycle value is written in DCR0. */
temp=((unsigned int)temp_DCR & 0xff00)>>8;
TIM2_CCR1H=(unsigned char)temp;
temp=((unsigned int)temp_DCR & 0x00ff);
TIM2_CCR1L=(unsigned char)temp;
/* Waits for the ration of the note. */
/* The ration info is carried by the 4 highest bits. */
Buzz_Wait(c1&0xF0);
/* Progressing in the array of notes: the tune. */
current_note++;
}
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE NAME: GPIO_Init */
/* INPUT/OUTPUT: None. */
/* DESCRIPTION: Initialize the GPIO for LED,TLI. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* LED IO Configuration */
/* LD3: PD3 */
/* LD2: PD1 */
/* LD1: PD0 */
PD_DDR |= 0x0D; /* Output. */
PD_CR1 |= 0x0D; /* PushPull. */
PD_CR2 = 0x00; /* Output speed up to 2MHz. */
/* PD7 external interrupt */
EXTI_CR1 = 0x00; /* External interrupt (TLI) sensitivity. */
EXTI_CR2 = 0x00;
PD_DDR &=~0x80; /* PD7: Input */
PD_CR2 |= 0x80; /* Enable TLI interrupt. */
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE NAME: CLK_Init */
/* INPUT/OUTPUT: None. */
/* DESCRIPTION: Initialize the clock source */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void CLK_Init(void)
{
/* Configure HSI prescaler*/
CLK_CKDIVR &= ~0x10; /* 01: fHSI= fHSI RC output/2. */
/* Configure CPU clock prescaler */
CLK_CKDIVR |= 0x01; /* 001: fCPU=fMASTER/2. */
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE NAME: ADC_Init */
/* INPUT/OUTPUT: None. */
/* DESCRIPTION: Initialize the AD converter. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void ADC_Init(void)
{
ADC_CR2 = 0x00;
ADC_CR1 = 0x00;
ADC_CSR = 0x03;
ADC_TDRL = 0x20;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE NAME: TIM_Init */
/* INPUT/OUTPUT: None. */
/* DESCRIPTION: Initialize the TIM4 as LED timebase. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void TIM_Init(void)
{
/* TIM4 Peripheral Configuration */
/* Time Base configuration */
TIM4_PSCR = 0x04; /* Configure TIM4 prescaler. */
TIM4_ARR = 0xFF; /* Configure TIM4 period. */
/*TIM4 counter enable */
TIM4_CR1 |= 0x01; /* Enable TIM4. */
TIM4_IER |= 0x01; /* Enable TIM4 OVR interrupt. */
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ROUTINE: main */
/* main entry */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void main ( void )
{
unsigned int j;
_asm("sim"); /* Disable interrupts. */
Flag_Octave_Chg=0;
CLK_Init();
GPIO_Init();
TIM_Init();
ADC_Init();
_asm("rim"); /* Enable interrupts. */
Buzz_Init (); /* Init TIMER peripheral. */
while ( 1 )
{
/* Play the current score. */
Buzz_PlayTune();
Buzz_Wait(0x80); /* Wait around one second. */
}
}
/* --------------------------- End of file -----------------------------------*/
❸ 为毛现在stm8和stm32这么好用，而8051已经被淘汰了，还是要学8051
现在再试试STM的单片机，用不起了。价格是像孙悟空翻跟头，几倍几倍的往上涨。
❹ STM8单片机的位定义是怎样操作的
STM8的指令系统本身不支持位操作，一般通过以下方式进行位操作：
例如：
PA_ODR|=0x04;//将PA_ODR寄存器的bit2置1
PB_DDR|=(1<<5);//将PB_DDR寄存器的bit5置1
TIM1_IER&=~0x01;//将TIM1_IER的bit0置0
ADC_CR3&=~(1<<6);//将ADC_CR3的bit6置0